PubMed · 13040351
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N M BENDER. Detecting the Du factor.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13040351/
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We have isolated and characterised two neutral oligosaccharides, one nonfucosylated and the other monofucosylated, from human milk that are based on the doubly branched lacto-N-decaose core. Their structures have been determined by a combined use of electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ES-MS/MS) and NMR spectroscopy. The sequences of the three branches resulted from the double-branching, including the identity and location of the blood-group-related Lewis determinant and partial linkages, were elucidated by the unique method of high sensitivity negative-ion ES-MS/MS analysis. Their full structure assignment was completed by methylation analysis and 1H NMR. The monofucosylated lacto-N-decaose, Galbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAcbeta1-6(Galbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta1-3)Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-6(Galbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta1-3)Galbeta1-4Glc is a novel sequence, whereas the nonfucosylated lacto-N-decaose, Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-6(Galbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta1-3)Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-6(Galbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta1-3)Galbeta1-4Glc, has not been isolated and identified as an individual oligosaccharide.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Blood group antigens are polymorphic, inherited structures located on the surface of the red blood cell. They have long played an important role in identifying matched blood products for transfusion. Recent studies have identified varied and important functions for some of these molecules in cell physiology and human pathology. RECENT FINDINGS: Many novel functions associated with blood group antigens have recently been identified. These include contributing to erythrocyte membrane structural integrity, transport of molecules through the membrane, and complement regulation as well as acting as adhesion molecules, receptors for extracellular ligands, and enzymes. Importantly, deficiency of these membrane components is associated with certain red cell disorders. Furthermore, as the same components are expressed in a variety of non-erythroid cells, deficiency of these proteins can also result in various other pathologies. SUMMARY: Novel functions for red cell membrane components carrying blood group antigens are being identified. These findings are providing new molecular insights into the pathophysiology of both red cell disorders as well as various related pathologies in other organ systems.
The use of molecular genetic technology for blood group typing is becoming routine procedure in many reference laboratories worldwide. A First International Workshop was organized on behalf of the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) and the International Council for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH). Thirty laboratories that provide a molecular diagnostic service participated in the workshop. Six samples were distributed: two represented DNA from transfusion-dependent patients for testing for multiple polymorphisms; two represented fetal DNA prepared from amniotic fluid for RhD, Rhc and K-testing; and two represented plasma from RhD-negative pregnant women for fetal RhD testing. Error rates varied from 0 to 11% for different polymorphisms. A consensus arising from discussion on the workshop results between participants at a feedback meeting and by e-mail has resulted in seven recommendations for molecular blood group genotyping. Further international workshops will take place every 2 years, with a more limited exercise being organized in the intervening years.