PubMed · 13063591
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L SCHALM. 1953-02-21. [Bilitinction].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13063591/
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INTRODUCTION: The exact role of copper and zinc in the etiology of carcinoma of the gallbladder is unclear. Some studies suggest the Cu/Zn ratio is a good indicator of the extent and prognosis in carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present study is to estimate the micronutrient profile and Cu/Zn ratio in the serum, tissues, and bile of patients with benign and malignant gallbladder diseases. METHODS: The present study was carried out in 60 patients comprising 30 each of carcinoma of the gallbladder and cholelithiasis, and 30 age and sex matched controls. Copper and zinc levels were estimated in blood, bile, and tissue using a Perkin Elmer Model 2380 Atomic absorption Spectrophotometer. RESULTS: The mean serum zinc levels were significantly lower in patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder than in patients with cholelithiasis and in healthy controls (P < 0.001). The mean serum copper levels were significantly higher in patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder as compared to patients with cholelithiasis and healthy controls (P < 0.001). Biliary and tissue zinc levels were significantly lower in patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder than in patients with cholelithiasis. Biliary and tissue copper levels were higher in patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder than in patients with cholelithiasis. The serum Cu/Zn ratio showed a gradual and significant increase from 1.11 in healthy controls to 1.35 in patients with cholelithiasis and 2.12 in patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder. The biliary and tissue Cu/Zn ratios were also significantly increased in patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder than in patients with cholelithiasis (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our data support an association between lower zinc levels and consequently an increased Cu/Zn ratio and carcinoma of the gallbladder. Whether zinc supplementation has a protective effect in preventing carcinoma of the gallbladder needs to be studied further.
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PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of bile on growth and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelium cultured in vitro, with a view toward clarifying the effect of bile leakage during transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was approved by the ethical review committee, and written informed consent was obtained from all mothers. Endothelial cells (ECs) were collected from human umbilical veins and cultured in vitro. After 24-48 hours in culture, ECs were distributed into groups supplemented with the following concentrations of bile in the culture medium: 0%, 5.0%, 10.0%, 15.0%, 20.0%, and 25.0%. The cells were harvested 5 days after supplementation with bile. The morphologic features, von Willebrand factor (vWF) level, tetrazolium salt (MTT) assay value of light absorption, total protein level, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity of the ECs were evaluated. RESULTS: All explanted cells were identified as ECs by using the vWF test. Compared with ECs in the control group without bile, ECs in culture medium with a bile concentration of 5.0%, 10.0%, or 15.0% showed no marked morphologic changes, whereas ECs in culture medium with a bile concentration of 20.0% or 25.0% were reduced greatly in number and looked markedly immature. The MTT value of light absorption, total protein level, and vWF secretion were significantly decreased (P < .05 for all) in ECs in culture medium with 25.0% bile compared with these parameters in ECs in culture medium without bile, although these parameters did not significantly differ between the ECs in culture medium of 5.0% or 10.0% bile and the ECs in culture medium without bile. Compared with NOS activity in ECs when no bile was present in the culture medium, NOS activity in ECs was significantly decreased at all bile concentrations (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Low concentrations of bile do not markedly inhibit cell growth; the inhibiting effect of bile on ECs progresses with an increase in bile concentration.