PubMed · 13166009
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W N FRASER, A H HACKETT. 1954. A study on tinea capitis.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13166009/
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Advances in medicine have enabled more craniopagus twins to survive separation, but the ultimate goal, to have both twins emerge from their separation with full neurologic function and a chance at leading independent and productive lives, remains elusive. The authors were contacted to evaluate craniopagus conjoined male infant twins for separation. Once it was determined that the brains were separate, they reviewed the literature and elected to design an open-ended multistaged separation. Four major stages over 9 and a half months led to the successful separation and preservation of neurologic function. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first such outcome in such a case. This article reviews the pertinent literature and discusses the authors' rationale and methodology.
In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), there is always a drive toward reducing the acquisition time. In volume imaging, time is often spent in acquiring data where there exists no signal because the imaging volume is larger than the object. In this paper, a method is presented for scan time reduction using an adaptive field of view (FOV). Multislice images are acquired with the FOV in the phase encoding direction of each slice determined by measurements made on the initial localization survey scan. Depending on the region of interest, an optimized FOV is also determined so that scan time is reduced in comparison to a normal scan while improving image resolution. The method is simple to implement and requires no additional hardware. Typical reductions in scan time are on the order 9-14%.
Dose assessment in computed tomography (CT) is challenging due to the vast variety of CT scanners and imaging protocols in use. In the present study, the accurateness of a theoretical formalism implemented in the PC program CT-EXPO for dose calculation was evaluated by means of phantom measurements. Phantom measurements were performed with four 1-slice, four 4-slice and two 16-slice spiral CT scanners. Firstly, scanner-specific nCTDIw values were measured and compared with the corresponding standard values used for dose calculation. Secondly, effective doses were determined for three CT scans (head, chest and pelvis) performed at each of the ten installations from readings of thermoluminescent dosimeters distributed inside an anthropomorphic Alderson phantom and compared with the corresponding dose values computed with CT-EXPO. Differences between standard and individually measured nCTDIw values were less than 16%. Statistical analysis yielded a highly significant correlation (P < 0.001) between calculated and measured effective doses. The systematic and random uncertainty of the dose values calculated using standard nCTDIw values was about -9 and +/- 11%, respectively. The phantom measurements and model calculations were carried out for a variety of CT scanners and representative scan protocols validate the reliability of the dosimetric formalism considered-at least for patients with a standard body size and a tube voltage of 120 kV selected for the majority of CT scans performed in our study.