PubMed · 13201460
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R B THOMAS. 1954. Postural dynamics.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13201460/
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Patients with balance disorders want answers to the following basic questions: (1) What is causing my problem? and (2) What can be done about my problem? Information to fully answer these questions must include status of both sensory and motor components of the balance control systems. Computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) provides quantitative assessment of both sensory and motor components of postural control along with how the sensory inputs to the brain interact. This paper reviews the scientific basis and clinical applications of CDP. Specifically, studies describing the integration of vestibular inputs with other sensory systems for postural control are briefly summarized. Clinical applications, including assessment, rehabilitation, and management are presented. Effects of aging on postural control along with prevention and management strategies are discussed.
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Tumor localization in radiation treatment planning often involves the generation of quantitative anatomical data from multiple imaging modalities. It is desirable to take all of the images in the selected treatment position, which is usually decided upon during the initial simulator session. The different scanning modalities are often operated by different staff, at different times and in different locations; thus, it is difficult to ensure consistency in the position of the patient's body, and its documentation, at various times and places. Also, devices such as CT and MR scanners frequently pose restrictions due to their limited apertures. Failure to consider the physical limitations of such scanning equipment at the time of simulation or localization may result in placing the patient in a treatment position which will not fit through the aperture of the CT (or MRI) scanner, or which will result in a clinically important portion of the anatomy being "cut off" in the resulting scans. This can lead to re-simulation of the patient or result in a lack of accurate coordination of simulator and CT scan data. To minimize problems such as these, we have developed a CT Aperture Emulator which can be used at the time of the initial simulation. This is a lightweight "halo" easily attached to the simulator, which mimics the size and shape of the CT aperture. It permits reproducible adjustment of the patient's position, while allowing technologists and physicians to set up the patient with respect to potential CT constraints, in particular with regard to the use of immobilization and support devices. The emulator device also facilitates reproducing a patient's treatment position on the CT scanner. The concept has been found to have additional clinical uses and can be extended to a variety of imaging equipment.