PubMed · 13202981
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H BOTTNER, W BRUHL. 1954-08-06. [Experience with laparoscopy].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13202981/
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The aim of this study was to determine the location of antipsychotic-induced weight gain in drug naïve, first episode patients with schizophrenia. Various fatness and fat distribution parameters (by Computerized Tomography scanning and anthropometry) and 1600 hr plasma cortisol were measured in 19 (15 men and 4 women) subjects with schizophrenia (mean age = 31.0 years; mean body mass index [BMI] = 24.6 kg/m2) and an equal number of age- and sex- matched controls (mean age = 32.6 yr; mean BMI = 23.0 kg/m2). Patients were then given either olanzapine or risperidone. Sixteen patients were re-tested following a treatment period lasting approximately 6 months. Patients with schizophrenia, had significantly more intra-abdominal fat [IAF] (116.8 +/- 20.2 cm2 vs. 38.0 +/- 4.8 cm2, respectively; t = 3.80, df = 18, p < 0.0001) and had higher levels of plasma cortisol (360.2 +/- 49.6 nmol/L vs. 192.7 +/- 19.7 nmol/L, respectively; t = 3.13, df = 18, p < 0.003) than appropriately matched control subjects. Treatment with atypical antipsychotics did not result in a significant increase in IAF (116.8 +/- 20.2 cm2 vs. 131.7 +/- 20.9 cm2; p = NS) though visceral fat stores still remained significantly higher than those seen in controls (38.0 +/- 4.8 cm2) (F = 9.34; df = 2, 51; p < 0.0003). However, plasma levels of cortisol did significantly decrease (360.2 +/- 49.6 nmol/L +/- vs. 316.2 +/- 48.4 nmol/L; p < 0.05). Pre-treatment levels of IAF did not differ between those who received risperidone and those who were given olanzapine (123.0 +/- 35.9 cm2 vs. 113.1 +/- 15.7 cm2, respectively; t = 0.20, df = 16, p < 0.84). The increase in IAF did not differ between those given risperidone and those who received olanzapine (26.9 +/- 12.1 cm2 vs. 18.24 +/- 11.44 cm2, respectively; t = 0.50, df = 16, p < 0.63). Patients with drug naïve, first episode, schizophrenia have higher levels of visceral fats stores as compared to matched control subjects. Treatment with atypical antipsychotics does not result in a significant increase in IAF distribution.
PURPOSE: Hysterectomy is the most common major gynecologic procedure. Unwanted postoperative effects on bowel function are a topic of recent debate. The aim of the present study was to prospectively evaluate the influence of hysterectomy on bowel function. METHODS: One hundred and twenty consecutive patients undergoing hysterectomy for benign conditions answered a questionnaire covering bowel habits and symptoms preoperatively and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Forty-four patients underwent vaginal hysterectomy and 76 underwent abdominal hysterectomy. Concomitant bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy was performed in 17 patients. RESULTS: After abdominal hysterectomy, patients reported increased symptoms of gas incontinence, urge to defecate, and inability to distinguish between gas and feces ( P < 0.05). There was a tendency of increased fecal incontinence. Subgroup analysis indicated that concomitant bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy resulted in an increased risk of fecal incontinence. No significant changes were detected in symptoms associated with constipation. Mean defecation frequency increased and the frequency of pelvic heaviness symptoms was reduced. After vaginal hysterectomy, there was no increased frequency of incontinence or constipation symptoms. The frequency of pelvic heaviness symptoms was reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy may run an increased risk for developing mild to moderate anal incontinence postoperatively and this risk is increased by simultaneous bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy. An increased risk of anal incontience symptoms could not be identified in patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. Our study does not support the assumption that hysterectomy is associated with de novo or deteriorating constipation.
The study of free and natural accessibility movements for a medium-sized car was carried out, recording the motor performances of ten participants by means of a motion analysis system. The experimental protocol used passive markers to implement a two-segment biomechanical model for the analysis of the head-trunk complex. The kinematic variables quantify the motor patterns, and showed specific features that can be related to the individual anthropometric characteristics and to the car geometry differences: tall participants used a neck flexion and a leftwards bending of the head, while short participants extended the neck and bent the head to the right. The different seat positions (short participants move forwards the seat) along with the principal need to avoid any body interference with the car, can explain the observed strategies. From the wider analysis of the movements in relation to the vehicle's features and to the anthropometric size of the participants, this approach could lead to an extension of the design criteria for those structural components of the car which have been demonstrated to significantly influence the human-machine interaction.