PubMed · 13233086
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L C CURLIN. 1955. A note on tablet disintegration with starch.. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.3030440107
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Butyrylated starch is a special type-4 resistant starch with butyrate-carrying attribute. In this study, the unique butyrate-producing capability of butyrylated starch was deeply investigated by focusing on its specific and nonspecific butyrate-producing pathways, respectively, using specially designed substrates as controls. In vitro fermentation studies revealed that butyrylated and isobutyrylated starches generated high levels of butyrate and isobutyrate, respectively, highlighting the role of butyryl group metabolism in the specificity of butyrate production. Carboxylesterase assays have demonstrated that butyryl group metabolism is primarily facilitated by carbohydrate esterases expressed in the gut microbiota. Combined with 16S rRNA sequencing and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, it was found that butyrylated starch fermentation did not significantly enhance traditional butyrate synthesis pathways but modified the balance between the butyryl-CoA:acetyl-CoA transferase and butyrate kinase pathways by altering the gut microbiota composition, specifically by upregulating the relative abundance of indicator species such as Bacteroides, the Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and Parabacteroides. These insights offer theoretical guidance for designing butyrylated starch structures and regulating intestinal health.
The purpose of the experiments in this paper was to evaluate granulation end-point control by power consumption measurement in a 25-L high shear mixer. The effect of impeller design, impeller speed, liquid addition rate, type of binder, and mixing ratio between lactose and starch on the correlation between power consumption and granule growth was investigated in the liquid addition phase of the process using a fractional factorial experimental design. There was found generally a linear correlation between power consumption and mean granule size, but this correlation was dependent on the impeller design, the impeller speed, and the type of binder. However, an end-point control based on power consumption was not found to be sensitive to variations in the lactose:starch ratio. It was concluded that it was possible to control the liquid addition by the level detection method by which the liquid addition is stopped at a predetermined level of power consumption. An end-point control based upon the peak detection method was not generally applicable, because a peak in the differentiated power consumption signal could not be identified in all the experiments.
Optical surface roughness of starch acetate compacts was investigated by specular reflection of a laser beam as a function of angle of incidence. The intensity data was fitted using the model of Gaussian and Lorentzian curves to solve numerical values for optical surface roughness which was observed to be order of 1 microm with the present samples.