PubMed · 13291206
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A S HUGGETT. 1954. Physiological evaluation.. https://doi.org/10.1101/sqb.1954.019.01.028
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Fetus in fetu is an extremely rare entity and refers to the growth of a "parasitic" twin within a more mature fetus due to its inclusion within cells of the blastocyst. The presence of a vertebral column is considered essential for the diagnosis of a fetus in fetu. The retroperitoneum is the most common location for a fetus in fetu and its location in the mouth is rare. We report a case of oropharyngeal mass detected on antenatal sonography with imaging features consistent with a fetus in fetu. Complete surgical removal of the mass was aided by imaging. Follow-up of these patients is recommended to detect the rare incidence of malignant degeneration.
Temporal bone histological findings can be evaluated from several points of view. The most basic consists of a description of the characteristics and abnormalities of particular temporal bones. The second one is the measurement of various structures in a larger set of temporal bones and the monitoring of these structures over time. The height of stapes was measured in a set of 40 temporal bones from 27 fetuses, and the growth of stapes from the 13th to 36th weeks of pregnancy was determined. A computer-assisted nonlinear regression analysis of diagnostics enabling simultaneous examination of data (influential points, i.e., outliers and leverages) was carried out, a growth curve model proposed and a mathematical method with Ratkowski criteria for estimation applied to find the best descriptive model of the height of stapes versus time y= f(x) growth curve; the results of 13 growth models were examined. It was found that the maximum growth of the height of stapes was between the 13th and the 24th weeks of pregnancy. The average height of stapes was 1.05 mm in the 13th week and 2.6 mm in the 24th week. Later, after the 25th week, the growth of the height of stapes was slower, and the average height in the 30th week was 3.0 mm.
S100 calcium binding proteins have long been known to express in the adult nervous system, but their distribution in the developing brain, especially the human fetal brain, is largely unknown. We used an immunohistochemical method to determine the expression of three S100 proteins, namely S100A4, S100A5, and S100A13, in the human fetal hippocampus and temporal cortex from 12 to 33 weeks of gestation. At 12 weeks, S100A5 was strongly expressed in the cells and fibers of the polymorphic, pyramidal, and molecular layers of the hippocampus. Thereafter, its expression decreased with age. In the temporal cortex, S100A5 expression was detected from 12 weeks onwards, peaked at 20 to 24 weeks, and then decreased with age. The horizontal fibers of the marginal zone were immunoreactive at all stages examined. S100A13 immunoreactivity was also detected in both cells and fibers of the hippocampus at 12 weeks, became slightly stronger at 20 weeks, and then decreased with age. In the temporal cortex, S100A13 immunoreactivity was also strong in all cellular layers at 12 to 24 weeks before it declined with age from 28 weeks onwards. Among the three proteins examined, S100A4 showed the weakest expression, which was detected in the cells and fibers of the hippocampus and the temporal cortex at all stages examined. Our results have demonstrated for the first time, in the human fetal hippocampus and temporal cortex, specific spatio-temporal patterns of expression of these proteins, all of which are likely to have different roles to play during development despite their pronounced sequence homology.