PubMed · 13356349
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B SWART. 1956. [External compression onspring osteosynthesis].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13356349/
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The treatment of fractures of the distal humerus remains challenging due to the complex anatomy of the elbow joint. Satisfactory results can only be attained with the complete recovery of the function and stability of the joint. Open reduction and internal fixation following AO principles, therefore, represents the standard procedure for the treatment of distal humerus fractures. Unfavourable results can, however, not be avoided in all cases, especially if fractures are complicated by concomitant lesions of soft tissues, nerves or vessels.
BACKGROUND: Fractures in the trochanteric region of the femur are classified as AO/OTA 31-A, as they are extracapsular. This report analyzes the relatively rare 31-A3 fracture, which has also been referred to as an "intertrochanteric femur fracture with subtrochanteric extension," "reverse obliquity intertrochanteric femur fracture," "unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture," or a "subtrochanteric femur fracture." The A3 fracture is characterized by having a fracture line exiting the lateral femoral cortex distal to the vastus ridge. Possible fixation constructs include compression hip screws, intramedullary hip screws, trochanteric intramedullary nails, cephalomedullary antegrade intramedullary nails, and 95 degrees plates. Most reports investigating 31-A fractures do not describe the 31-A3 fracture. For this analysis, only reports clearly indicating that the fracture treated was a 31-A3 were included. It should be understood that this approach therefore excludes reports on generic "subtrochanteric fractures" or "intertrochanteric fractures," some of which may have been 31-A3 fractures. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of fixation technique for the AO/OTA 31-A3 fracture on rates of union, infection, risk of reoperation, and functional outcomes.
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