PubMed · 13398353
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R A BOSEE. 1957. Accessory equipment and testing problems.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13398353/
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The commercial space sector to date has failed to develop comprehensive regulations--"rules of the road"--for its international activities. Within the next 5 years, conflicts with respect to international trade in satellite sales and launch services could emerge, highlighting the need for such a regulatory framework. If the commercial space sector is to continue to develop, it is important to begin discussions now, before these conflicts become significant, on the elements of an appropriate international regulatory framework. The existing framework for space activities was developed when government, not commercial, space activities were dominant, or was adapted from regulations in other sectors such as terrestrial telecommunications.
In 3 experiments, the authors simulated air traffic controllers giving pilots navigation instructions of various lengths. Participants either heard or read the instructions; repeated either all, a reduced form, or none of the instructions; and then followed them by clicking on the specified locations in a space represented by grids on a computer screen. Execution performance for visual presentation was worse than it was for auditory presentation on the longer messages. Repetition of the instructions generally lowered execution performance for longer messages, which required more output, especially with the visual modality, which required phonological receding from visual input to spoken output. An advantage for reduced over full repetition for visual but not for auditory presentation was attributed to an enhanced visual scanning process.