PubMed · 13403638
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V F PFEIFER, E N HEGER. 1957. Electronic foam controller for fermentors.. https://doi.org/10.1128/am.5.1.44-47.1957
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UNLABELLED: Iodidimonas sp., a bacterium found in bioreactors treating oil and gas produced water as well as iodide-rich brines, has garnered attention for its unique ability to oxidize iodine. However, little is known about the metabolic capabilities that enable Iodidimonas sp. to thrive in certain unique ecological niches. In this study, we isolated, characterized, and sequenced three strains belonging to the Iodidimonas genus from the sludge of a membrane bioreactor used for produced water treatment. We investigated the genomic features of these isolates and compared them with the four publicly available isolate genomes from this genus, as well as a metagenome-assembled genome from the source bioreactor. Our Iodidimonas isolates had several genes associated with mitigating salinity, heavy metal, and organic compound stress, which likely help these bacteria to survive in produced water. Phenotyping tests revealed that while the isolates could utilize a wide variety of simple carbon substrates, they failed to degrade aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, consistent with the lack of genes associated with common hydrocarbon degradation pathways in their genomes. We hypothesize that these microbes may lead a scavenging lifestyle in the bioreactor and similar iodide-rich brines. IMPORTANCE: Occupying a niche habitat and having few representative isolates, the genus Iodidimonas is a relatively understudied alphaproteobacterial group. Its ability to corrode pipes in iodine production facilities has economic implications, and its ability to generate potentially carcinogenic iodinated organic compounds during treatment of oil and gas produced water may cause environmental and health concerns with the recycling of treated water. Therefore, detailed characterization of the metabolic potential of the Iodidimonas isolates in this study both sheds light on their adaptation to the environmental conditions they inhabit and has environmental and economic significance.
A new method was developed for production of beta-carotene from Dunaliella salina. Cells were grown in low light intensity and then transferred to a production bioreactor illuminated at a higher light intensity. It was a two-phase bioreactor consisting of an aqueous and a biocompatible organic phase. Mixing of the cells and extraction were performed by recirculation of the organic phase. Two experiments were performed. In the first experiment, bioreactors were operated at two different solvent recirculation rates of 150 and 200 mL min(-1). The beta-carotene extraction rate increased significantly at the higher recirculation rate, without exerting any influence on cell number and viability. A second experiment was carried out at a recirculation rate (200 mL min(-1)) appropriate for the study of long-term production of beta-carotene. The results show that D. salina at high light intensity remained viable for a long period (>47 days) in the presence of a biocompatible organic phase; however, cell growth was very slow. beta-Carotene could be continuously extracted to the organic phase; the cells continued to produce beta-carotene and the extracted molecules were continuously reproduced. As a result, beta-carotene was continuously removed ("milked") from the cells. beta-Carotene extraction efficiency in this system was >55%, and productivity was 2.45 mg m(-2) day(-1), much higher than that of commercial plants.
Using our recently developed sensor reactor approach, lysine-producing, nongrowing Corynebacterium glutamicum MH20-22B cells were subjected to serial (13)C-labeling experiments for flux analysis during the leucine-limited fed-batch production phase in a 300-L bioreactor. Based on two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements of (13)C-labeling patterns of cytoplasmic free metabolites, metabolic flux distributions in the central metabolism were successfully determined. Focusing on the highly concentrated metabolite L-glutamate, the working hypothesis was validated that the equilibration of labeling patterns in intracellular pools was much faster (up to 9.45 min) than the labeling period (3 h) used in the experiments. Analysis of anaplerotic reactions revealed that highly selective lysine production was accompanied by a significant reduction of decarboxylating reactions from 10 mol% to only 2 mol%, whereas PEP/pyruvate-carboxylating fluxes remained constant at about 40 mol% of consumed glucose. These results support the conclusion that an optimized C. glutamicum L-lysine producer should possess increased PEP carboxylase and/or pyruvate carboxylase activity combined with downregulated, decarboxylating fluxes consuming oxaloacetate/malate. The findings also illustrate the usefulness of the sensor reactor approach in the study of industrial fermentations.