PubMed · 13437893
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J DE DULACSKA. 1957-04-01. [Abdominal aortography; various methods & technics].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13437893/
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Screening and diagnostic tests are important in disease prevention or control. The predictive values of positive and negative (PPV and NPV) test results are two of four operational characteristics of a screening test. We review an existing method based on the generalized estimating equation (GEE) methodology for comparing predictive values from the same sample of subjects and propose two Wald test statistics derived from the weighted least squares (WLS) method for the analysis of categorical data. Using these results, we propose sample size calculation formulae for this problem. Simulation studies are conducted to compare the performances of the two Wald test statistics (one based on the difference of two PPVs or NPVs, another based on the logarithm of the ratio of two PPVs or NPVs) and the score/Wald test statistic derived from GEE. We recommend using the difference-based WLS approach.
The aim of this article is to review the mechanism, technical characteristics, biological response and clinical applications of cutting balloon angioplasty in peripheral vessels. The cutting balloon is a non-compliant, balloon catheter equipped with three-to-four microtome-sharp atherotomes. When used appropriately, it is safe and easy to use, with a high immediate success rate and few complications, provided oversizing is avoided. There is some evidence that pre-dilation with a standard or high-pressure balloon may also predispose to vascular rupture. The cutting balloon has proved to be beneficial in treating difficult complex lesions in the coronary arteries. Early experience in non-coronary vessels shows that cutting balloon angioplasty can be used to treat peripheral bypass anastomotic and haemodialysis fistula stenoses that are resistant to conventional high-inflation pressures. Its application in de novo peripheral arterial lesions and non-coronary in-stent restenosis is still under discussion. Theoretically, this device induces a smaller degree of vessel wall injury localised to the area of incisions and sparing the interincisional segments; however, this postulated reduction in restenosis rates has not been confirmed in clinical practice.
The treatment of musculoskeletal vascular anomalies can be accomplished by means of challenging image-guided interventional techniques. Most patients benefit clinically from these procedures. Careful planning, appropriate training, and adequate patient care during and after the procedure are important to achieve optimal results and to minimize procedure-related risks.