PubMed · 13503675
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W J NEISH. 1957. alpha-Keto acid determinations.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13503675/
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Complementary reduction conditions have been identified that provide ready access to each respective diastereomer of bi- and tricyclic, trisustituted gamma-lactones starting from the corresponding cyclic gamma-keto acids. Subjection of cyclic gamma-keto acids to silane reagents in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid provides all syn-gamma-lactones, while reduction with trialkylborohydrides furnishes the syn,anti-gamma-lactones. The conditions are mild and provide the product lactones in good yields and modest to excellent selectivity.
alpha,gamma-Diketo acids (DKA) were discovered from screening as selective and reversible inhibitors of hepatitis C virus NS5b RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The diketo acid moiety proved essential for activity, while substitution on the gamma position was necessary for selectivity and potency. Optimization led to the identification of a DKA inhibitor of NS5b polymerase with IC(50) = 45 nM, one of the most potent HCV NS5b polymerase inhibitors reported.
Seven different penicillins containing alpha-ketobutyric, beta-ketobutyric, gamma-ketovaleric, alpha-ketohexanoic, delta-ketohexanoic, epsilon-ketoheptanoic, and alpha-ketooctanoic acids as side chains have been synthesized in vitro by incubating the enzymes phenylacetyl coenzyme A (CoA) ligase from Pseudomonas putida and acyl-CoA:6-aminopenicillanic acid acyltransferase from Penicillium chrysogenum with CoA, ATP, Mg(2+), dithiothreitol, 6-aminopenicillanic acid, and the corresponding side chain precursor.