PubMed · 13606090
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D KIRMAN, S W MORGENSTERN, D FELDMAN. 1958. A modified microtechnic for determining chloride.. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp%2F30.6_ts.564
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Casuarina glauca develops proteoid (cluster) roots in response to Fe deficiency. This study set out to investigate the possible involvement of ethylene in the initiation and/or the morphogenesis of cluster roots (CR). For this purpose, the effect of Ag+ added as silver thiosulfate, an inhibitor of ethylene action has been studied in plants growing hydroponically. No CR formation was observed in these growth conditions. Inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis by aminoethoxyvinylglycine, 1- aminoisobutyric acid, aminoxyacetic acid or cobalt chloride also eliminated the positive effect of Fe deficiency on CR formation in C. glauca. CR were not formed in Fe- deficient roots in the presence of ethylene inhibitors, suggesting a role for ethylene in the morphological responses to Fe deficiency. Interestingly, treatment of Casuarina plants with the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid stimulated significantly the formation of CR, even if plants are supplied with Fe. However, this stimulation did not reach the level of CR obtained in Fe-deficient plants. These results suggest that an ethylene-mediated signalling pathway is involved in CR formation process in C. glauca.
A trimeric compound containing Co(II) is described, namely tris[mu-2-[3-(dimethylamino)propylimino]propane-1-thiolato]tricobalt(II) chloride bis(hexafluorophosphate), [Co(3)(C(10)H(21)N(2)S)(3)]Cl(PF(6))(2). Each Co atom is ligated by one 2-[3-(dimethylamino)propylimino]propane-1-thiolate ligand, an amine group and an imine group. The thiolate groups bridge the Co atoms, forming a six-membered ring that encloses the chloride ion in a well defined binding pocket.
Chloride is an abundant anion on earth but studies analyzing a possible function of chloride in prokaryotes are scarce. To address the question, we have tested 44 different Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria for a chloride dependence or chloride stimulation of growth. None required chloride for growth at their optimal growth (salt) conditions. However, in hyperosmotic media containing high concentrations of Na+, 11 bacteria (Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia coli, Paracoccus denitrificans, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Thermus thermophilus, and Vibrio fischeri) had a strict chloride dependence for growth or were significantly stimulated by chloride. These data show that chloride is essential for growth at high salt (Na+) concentrations in various species of the domain Bacteria.