PubMed · 13611514
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E L BERNHART. 1958. Drought in the grass roots.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13611514/
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Understanding how species adapt to new environments is a central goal in evolutionary biology, and a topical question in climate change research. Here, we sequenced the genomes of 426 individuals of the perennial, Arctic-alpine herb Arabis alpina to study demography and adaptation, with a focus on populations in Northern Spain, that experience warm and dry summers. Our inference supports a scenario in which A. alpina colonized Northern Spain in a range expansion event that started near the Alps around 216 thousand years ago (kya). During the last glacial episode (115 to 12 kya), this expansion proceeded westward, and effective population sizes were large across Europe, likely due to a larger suitable habitat for A. alpina. These ancient demographic events gave rise to a highly diverged genetic lineage in Northern Spain. In the present interglacial (between 12 kya and present), populations became increasingly fragmented, and lost genetic diversity across Europe. Furthermore, we detected signatures of selection at genes associated with responses to abiotic stress, including drought stress, and regulation of growth, for instance at SC5D and NAC055, which reflects the climatic changes since the last glacial period. Notably, an ancient polymorphism at the gene FRL1 emerged as a candidate for conferring variation in flowering behavior, and for contributing to adaptation to drought. Our study suggests that the combination of ancestral variation in flowering behavior, and positive selection on new mutations involved in drought responses, underlies the evolution of a new trait syndrome, and adaptation to climate change.
Proline (content) is closely with plant anti-drought, especially under soil water deficits. Many reports from crops and other plants have proved this. Wheat is the second important crop on the globe, whose research in this aspect of importance for food quality, safety, and yield in field. The related difference in physiological indicators and proline content for different soil water treatments among wheat with different genotypes is not clear, which has limited deep study of wheat anti-drought molecular biology and related anti-drought biotechnological breeding. Our current study was focused on the physiological relationship of proline and different genotype wheat anti-drought under soil water deficits. Main results showed that different wheat genotype had different soil water stress threshold. Pro content had closed relationship with soil water stress threshold and wheat anti-drought. Developmental course also impacted Pro content for different wheat genotypes.
The selection of suitable inducible-promoters is one of the most important chains in transgenic researches for plant tolerances to drought, dehydration and other abiotic stresses. Based on laboratory researches in the past years, it was set up a set of methods that could be used to rapidly determine the transient expression characteristics of drought- and dehydration-inducible promoters by using whole barley seedling and plant leaves in vitro as bombardment objects. Promoters Dhn4s, Dhn8s, HVA1s, Rab16Bj and wsi18j isolated from barley and rice were able to express GFP in the leaves of barley, wheat, rice, sorghum and fern after drying treatment, but not in laves of mungbean and tomato. The qualitative expression of HVA1s and wsi18j in different organs and tissues of barley was identified. A method for quantitative analysis of promoter transient expression was established by means of GFP foci/GUS foci counting or GUS activity/XYN activity test. Finally, the value and prospect of the methodology were discussed in terms of its application to the analysis of plant promoters inducible by environmental factors.