PubMed · 13630992
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J VAN DER STRICHT. 1958. [Reverse gastrectomy].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13630992/
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The aim of surgical treatment is complete resection (Ro-resection) of the tumor in all dimensions of its growth, i.e. resection of the tumor infiltrated stomach including the locoregional lymph nodes. This can be achieved by stage- or histology adapted surgery resulting in subtotal distal and total gastrectomy as complementary procedures. Local excision of gastric carcinoma in curative intent is indicated only in mucosal carcinoma of the intestinal type. The extent of lymph node dissection is still under discussion; the results depend on the experiences of the surgeon. Several studies have shown a prognostic improvement after systematic (D2) lymphadenectomy in stage II/IIIA-disease or in patients with a low incidence of lymph node metastases. Pancreas preserving splenectomy is suggested in tumors of the proximal stomach or after direct infiltration of these organs. The Roux-en-Y procedure represents the most commonly used method of reconstruction after subtotal distal or total gastrectomy. The importance of the duodenal passage as well as of the pouch construction must be investigated in prospective studies in the future. This is true for the value of perioperative multimodal treatment options.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Especially in malign diseases, the therapeutic decision depends on the prognosis for the individual patient. A prognosis is a prediction of the future course of disease following its onset. Graphical representation of such statistical results-such as the well-known Kaplan-Meier curve-is often used to assist readers of a paper in the interpretation. However, mistakes and distortions frequently arise in the display and interpretation of survival plots. This review aims to highlight such pitfalls and provide recommendations for future practice. METHODS: Special topics are discussed: the criteria for the presentation of the survival curve, the problem of missing values, estimation of the prognosis in the presence of competing risks, comparison of treatment effects and analysis of survival by tumour-response category.
The past decade has seen many advances in knowledge about gastric cancer. Notably, tumour biology and lymphatic spread are now better understood, and treatment by surgical and medical oncologists has become more standardised. Since refrigerators have replaced other methods of food conservation, Helicobacter pylori has become a factor in the cause of gastric cancer. Cancers that arise at the oesophagogastric junction might be further examples of wealth-associated disease. To tailor treatment better, the western hemisphere needs to borrow from the East by establishing screening programmes for early diagnosis, through careful surgical resection, and through detailed analysis of tumour spread. In Europe and the USA, most patients reach treatment with cancers already at an advanced stage. For these patients, three important randomised trials are underway that evaluate combined therapy. Cytostatic drugs, especially angiogenesis inhibitors have proved disappointing; however, basic research efforts to detect familial gastric cancers and to assess minimally residual disease look more hopeful.