PubMed · 13633138
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C A ALBERT, G ANDERSON, W WALLACE, E E HENLEY, A W WINSHEL, S N ALBERT. 1959. Fluothane for obstetric anesthesia.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13633138/
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Cortistatin is a neuropeptide structurally related to somatostatin that induces sleep and interferes with the memory process. Very likely affecting other neurotransmission systems, such as: acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and noradrenaline. For example, cortistatin inhibits acetylcholine excitatory actions in the hippocampus. It is known that acetylcholine is involved in the regulation of several processes, such as pain, temperature, sleep, and memory. Since cortistatin seems to interact with acetylcholine, we decided to explore whether cortistatin participates in the system that modulates the noxious stimulus-evoked behavior. The intracerebroventricular administration of cortistatin increased the threshold to evoke a defensive behavior by a nociceptive stimulus. These observations suggest that cortistatin is part of the system that regulates pain perception.
Burns patients form a large group of trauma patients cared for by first aiders, ambulance staff, nurses and doctors before reaching specialist care in hospital. Guidance for these important carers is often poor or confused and this engenders anxiety and detracts from optimal patient care. This paper outlines nine key steps in the initial management of burn patients in the pre-hospital environment based on current available evidence and a consensus of specialists from all disciplines caring for burns patients. The basis of care should be that simple things should always be performed well.
BACKGROUND: There is considerable interpatient variability in pain tolerance during and after treatment of skin cancer with photodynamic therapy (PDT). Additionally, erythema and edema are common, with mild crusting and healing over 1 to 2 weeks. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether concurrent cold air analgesia improves the tolerability of PDT. METHOD: Twenty-six patients with two similar superficial skin cancers were treated with PDT. One lesion was treated with cold air analgesia and the other without. Patients rated their pain during treatment using the Wong Baker Faces Pain Scale and detailed duration of posttreatment pain. At week 2, the inflammatory response was assessed. RESULT: A statistically significant difference in the analgesia group was shown with respect to the mean duration of pain and the level of erythema after the first treatment as well as pain scores during the second treatment. CONCLUSION: Patient acceptance of PDT for treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer is improved with lessened morbidity assessed with concurrent use of cold air analgesia to the treatment field.