PubMed · 13649632
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D KIRMAN. 1959. A modified chromatographic micro-applicator.. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp%2F31.5.410
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This article reviews the progress that has taken place in the past decade on the topic of estimation of Joule heating and temperature inside an open or packed capillary in electro-driven separation techniques of capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC), respectively. Developments in theoretical modeling of the heat transfer in the capillary systems have focused on attempts to apply the existing models on newer techniques such as CEC and chip-based CE. However, the advent of novel analytical tools such as pulsed magnetic field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), NMR thermometry, and Raman spectroscopy, have led to a revolution in the area of experimental estimation of Joule heating and temperature inside the capillary via the various noninvasive techniques. This review attempts to capture the major findings that have been reported in the past decade.
A method based on successive approximation is proposed for the calculation of surface coverage or ligand density of chemically bonded stationary phases from elemental analysis data. The approach could be used to calculate surface coverage in many stationary phase preparations, including end-capping and stepwise couplings. Key in this procedure is the use of successive approximation to simplify the adjustment of weight changes in stationary phase preparation. The method does not involve complicated mathematic equations.
The selectivity of analytical methods based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) is due to the preferential adsorption of the analyte(s) as compared to other substances (interferences). This paper shows the theoretical and practical difficulties, which have to be considered and solved when real samples need to be analysed in a wide range of analyte and interferant concentrations. It is shown that the estimation of interference effects requires either many measurements or a realistic model of the adsorption equilibrium in mixed solutions of the analyte and the interferences. Examples are shown for positive (cooperative) interference effects, for better experimental design and interpretation of binary isotherm measurements and for establishing the chemical model of interference from selectivity measurements. The usual MIP model consisting of a cavity, which closely fits the shape of the template from all sides, appears unsuitable for this MIP, and it is replaced with a more realistic, more open model. The applicability of the results to using non-imprinted polymers as selective sorbents and to screening drug candidates is also shown.