PubMed · 13656135
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I MACCHERINI, E CAMARRI. 1959. [Nitroglycol poisoning].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13656135/
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Concentrations of degradation products of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) were analyzed in river water samples in order to determine the distribution characteristic of these alkylphenolic compounds in 18 major rivers of Taiwan. The degradation products of NPEOs were detected in all river samples, with the dicarboxylates alkylphenolic degradation products (CAPEC) being detected most frequently and at the highest concentrations. Concentrations of NP and NP1EO in rivers ranged from n.d. to 5.1 microg l(-1) and n.d. to 0.5 microg l(-1), respectively. The total concentrations of shortened carboxylates (i.e., NP1EC+NP2EC+NP3EC) and dicarboxylates alkylphenolic degradation products (CAP1EC+CAP2EC) ranged from n.d. to 63.6 microg l(-1) and n.d. to 94.6 microg l(-1), respectively. Concentrations of NP2EC, NP3EC and all CAPEC residues were determined semi-quantitatively by comparing with the internal standard. Significantly higher concentrations of CAPEC residues were detected in the river waters as compared to those of NP, NP1EO and NPEC degradation products and the average proportions of these compounds in the samples of the rivers were as follows: NP+NP1EO was 5+/-2.5%, total NPEC was 25+/-12%, and total CAPEC was 70+/-12%. The high concentration ratios of CAPEC/NPEC illustrate that aerobic biodegradation plays a main route in the fate of NPEO in the rivers of Taiwan.
The soft lithographic replication of patterns with a low filling ratio by microcontact printing (microCP) is problematic due to the poor mechanical stability of common elastomeric stamps. A recently described strategy to avoid this problem employs a modified patterning method, positive microcontact printing ((+)microCP), in which a stamp with a mechanically more stable inverted relief pattern is used. In contrast to conventional negative microCP ((-)microCP), in the contact areas a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) is printed of a "positive ink", which provides only minor etch protection, whereas the noncontacted areas are subsequently covered with a different, etch-resistant SAM, prior to development by chemical etching. With the aim to identify novel, highly versatile positive inks, the patterning of gold by (+)microCP with mercaptoalkyloligo(ethylene glycol)s (MAOEGs), the subsequent adsorption of octadecanethiol (ODT), and the final development by wet chemical etching have now been studied. A polydisperse mixture of mercaptoundecylocta(ethylene glycol) derivatives was found to provide the best patterning results. The surface spreading of the positive ink during stamping, the exchange of printed MAOEGs with ODT, and the choice of the right etching bath were identified as key parameters that influence the achievable pattern resolution and contrast. Due to the modular composition of functionalized alkyloligo(ethylene glycol) derivatives, (+)microCP with these positive inks has the potential for easy adaptation to a variety of materials and development conditions.
The structural and electronic properties of neutral and mono ionic structures of isolated ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN) [C(2)H(4)N(2)O(6)]((n)) (n=0, +1, -1) have been investigated by performing density functional theory calculations at B3LYP level. The optimum geometry, vibrational frequencies, electronic structure and some thermo dynamical values of the structures considered have been obtained in their ground states. The calculations reveal that as the charge develops the bond lengths and angles change. In the anionic case charge accumulation causes NO(2) elimination as a result of esteric O-N bond cleavage.