PubMed · 13702021
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M FRIEDMAN, S O BYERS. 1961. Experimental thrombo-atherosclerosis.. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci104343
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Atherothrombosis, defined as atherosclerotic lesion disruption with superimposed thrombus formation, is the major cause of acute coronary syndromes and cardiovascular deaths. It is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the industrialized world. Plaque composition, rather than luminal stenosis, is recognized as the major determinant of this disease. Since tissue factor is found within atheroma and also in the bloodstream of atherosclerotic patients, it likely plays a key role in determining both plaque and blood thrombogenicity. Ongoing clinical and preclinical studies are evaluating the therapeutic possibilities of specific inhibition of the tissue factor pathway. Here, we will review the role of tissue factor in atherothrombosis.
The majority of clinical studies demonstrate that patients with hyperhomocysteinaemia have an increased risk of atherothrombotic events. However, there is a striking and poorly understood heterogeneity in the severity of clinical features in individuals with hyperhomocysteinaemia. This observation suggests that other factors must exist that modulate the relationship between hyperhomocysteinaemia and clinical disease. Therefore identifying factors that inhibit or enhance the vasculotoxic effects of homocysteine is important, as is elucidation of how homocysteine damages blood vessels. This comment discusses the study of Woodman and colleagues in this issue of Clinical Science in which they investigate the effects of hyperhomocysteinaemia on endothelial function.
It has been suggested that oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plays an important role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. In the present study, we determined the anti-atherogenic effects of egg yolk-enriched garlic powder (EGP), which has been used as a traditional health-promoting food in southern Japan since ancient times, on LDL oxidation and oxidant stress-induced cell injury models. We confirmed that EGP inhibits copper-induced LDL oxidation in a dose-dependent manner. We also observed that pretreatment of EGP significantly suppressed the production of peroxides in HL60 cells and protected endothelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced cell injury. These findings might, in part, be ascribed to the biodistribution of garlic compounds and egg yolk interaction, and suggest that EGP might be useful in the prevention of atherosclerosis.