PubMed · 13723255
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J K DOBOS, J PHILLIPS, G A COVO. 1961-04-29. Acute barbiturate intoxication.. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1961.03040170014004
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Large hemispheric infarcts must be recognized in the emergency department as a life-threatening condition that requires prompt and massive intervention. After stabilization of the airway, breathing, and circulation, the initial diagnostic work-up and transfer to a neurointensive care unit should not be delayed. Today several new therapeutic options can be offered. Surgical decompression seems to be effective in lowering increased intracranial pressure, preventing transtentorial herniation and reducing mortality in patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction. Another option may be therapeutic hypothermia, which has been found to be neuroprotective in animal models, as well as in clinical studies after cardiac arrest. Experience in stroke patients suggest that hypothermia may offer a new approach for the treatment of acute cerebral ischemia.
Complex monolayers of barbituric acid and melamine were formed by spreading a chloroform solution of amphiphilic barbituric acid on the subphase of melamine solution. It was confirmed that the complex monolayer was formed through in situ complementary hydrogen bonding at the air-water interface. It was interesting to find that the complex LB films showed supramolecular chirality although both of the molecules were achiral, as verified by the circular dichroism spectral measurements. It was suggested that the pi-pi stacking of the neighboring barbituric acid and melamine group in a helical sense resulted in the chirality of the molecular assemblies. Due to the directionality of the hydrogen bonding, the BA-M film could form regular aligned nanofibers on the AFM images. Increasing the subphase temperature will lead to the decrease of CD intensity and the change of the morphologies. We suggested that the strength of the hydrogen bonding resulted in the difference.
Studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between inflammation, metastasis, or atherosclerosis and the unbalanced or culminated expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The molecular imaging of locally upregulated MMP activity in vivo is a clinical challenge. Actually, radioligands based on nonpeptidyl MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) are currently in development as putative radiopharmaceutical agents for the noninvasive in vivo assessment of activated MMPs. Nonpeptidyl MMPIs bind to the zinc active site of the activated enzyme via mono- (e.g. carboxylate) or bidentate (e.g. hydroxamate) complexation thereby exhibiting a broad-spectrum MMP binding potency. Thus, these mentioned endopeptidase inhibitors should be useable lead compounds for the redevelopment as diagnostic MMPI radiotracers. Recently, the non-hydroxamate C-5-disubstituted pyrimidine-2,4,6-triones were disclosed as subgroup-selective MMP inhibitors. We here describe a set of fine-tuned barbiturates as a new class of MMPI radiotracers for the noninvasive in vivo visualization of activated MMPs using scintigraphic techniques such as SPECT or PET.