PubMed · 13801399
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M BLAU, M A BENDER. 1960. Does berberine localize in the pancrease?. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13801399/
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Methylxanthines and methyluric acids are secondary metabolites derived from purine nucleotides and are known collectively as purine alkaloids. The present review begins by summarizing the distribution of these compounds in the plant kingdom, and then provides an up-to-date account of the biosynthesis of purine alkaloids. The diversity of biosynthesis and accumulation between species and between tissues of different age is considered. We also discuss the physiological function of these purine alkaloids in plants and the biotechnology for creating caffeine-free plants.
Two new synthetic analogues of luotonins A and F, 7-acetylaminoluotonin A (6) and 3-[3H(quinazolino-4-one)]quinoline (7) were synthesized. The new analogues, along with four natural quinazoline-quinoline alkaloids, luotonins A (1), B (2), E (3), F (4) and a synthetic deoxoluotonin F (5), showed cytotoxic activity (IC(50) 1.8-40.0 microg/mL) and DNA topoisomerase II inhibition at a concentration of 25 microM.
The first syntheses of (-)-funebrine [(-)-1] and (-)-funebral [(-)-2] are described. The syntheses feature sequential formation of nitrone VI from methyl glyoxylate (5) with oxime 6, transesterification of nitrone VI with (E)-crotyl alcohol (4), and intramolecular cycloaddition of the resulting nitrone VII bearing crotyl ester to afford cycloadduct 7 as a major product. The adduct 7 was readily elaborated to amino lactone (-)-3, the key synthetic intermediate of (-)-1 and (-)-2.