PubMed · 13821506
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H FANTA. 1960. [Conjunctiva].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13821506/
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Staphylococcus epidermidis is part of the normal bacterial flora on the ocular surface. The chromosomal DNA of bacterial isolates obtained from the conjunctival sac, upper and lower lid margins, and upper and lower Meibomian glands of healthy volunteers was subjected to SmaI digestion and PFGE to study the genetic diversity of the organisms. Multiple colonies were also examined of S. epidermidis derived from the conjunctival sac of the same subjects. Lastly, commensal bacteria were harvested from the ocular surfaces of four healthy subjects once a month for 6 months, and the genetic background of the S. epidermidis isolates was analysed. It was found that bacterial strains not only from different subjects but also from multiple ocular surface sites of the same subject exhibited different PFGE patterns. In five of 42 subjects multiple colonies of S. epidermidis were isolated from the conjunctival sac; three harboured multiple colonies with different PFGE patterns, and two manifested multiple colonies with identical PFGE patterns. S. epidermidis isolated from the conjunctival sac of the same subjects over a 6-month period exhibited varying PFGE patterns. The data demonstrate the polyclonality of S. epidermidis on the healthy ocular surface.
BACKGROUND: Surgeon-dependent variables influencing pterygium surgical outcome using the conjunctival autograft technique include conjunctival retraction as a consequence of subepithelial contracting fibrous tissue, and autograft inversion causing necrosis and sloughing of the graft. METHOD: A simple and useful technique of pterygium excision is described, which helps to ensure the correct surface and linear orientations of the conjunctival autograft, and also defines the end point of adequate excision of the subepithelial connective tissue. CONCLUSION: This simple technique of defining the anterior surface and the centrifugal orientation with the letter "G" marked on the graft prevents reverse orientation of the graft.
PURPOSE: To report the development of a 27-gauge self-retaining transconjunctival chandelier endoilluminator for panoramic viewing during vitrectomy. DESIGN: New surgical instrument. METHODS: The tip of the illuminating fiber is 27-gauge (0.35 mm) and shaped like a cone to provide wide-angle illumination. The tip, inserted approximately 3 mm into the vitreous cavity transconjunctivally, provides diffuse illumination. The optical fiber covered by a malleable sleeve can be retained in the eyeball without a suture. RESULTS: The slim light fiber design (0.35 mm) stabilizes the 27-gauge tip in the eye and provides up to 25 lumens of measured illumination. The adequate lighting potential and self-retaining design allow wide-angle visualization and bimanual manipulation in challenging cases. Easy insertion and removal without suture placement make it convenient to change the position of the device during surgery and efficiently shorten surgical time. CONCLUSIONS: This suture-free 27-gauge endoillumination chandelier improves the efficacy and efficiency of vitreous surgery.