[Glomus jugulare].

Histogenetic scheme of three germ layers causes difficulties in explanation of some tumorous structures derived from different classes. A conception of paraneurons concedes (besides "central" neuroectodermal paraneurons) a possibility of their local origin. The idea anticipates a broader phylogenetic ability of divergent differentiation of single extraneural cells. Paraneuronal theory used in oncology can explain local origin of some presumable combination variants of tumours, e.g. carcinoid type paraneuromas with melanin pigmentation. Substantial frequency of such tumours eliminates possibility of random coincidence and argues for ranging "peripheral melanin system" among paraneurons.

Chromaffin System↗

PubMed1989

The significance of pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy in the operative treatment of ovarian cancer.

Since 1980, 95 of 320 patients with ovarian cancer of Stages I to IV have undergone pelvic lymphadenectomy. A further 57 patients underwent pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. In the last three years, 83% of patients with Stage III disease had a lymphadenectomy, and 34% had no gross residual tumour after surgery. This entailed bowel resection in 33% of cases. After cytoreduction and chemotherapy, actuarial 5-year survival in Stages I and II was 90%, and was just over 40% in Stage III. Patients with positive nodes had markedly poorer survival than did those with negative nodes. Three years after only pelvic lymphadenectomy, 36.7% of patients with Stage III disease had no clinical, radiological or biochemical evidence of disease. If the abdomen had been cleared of gross disease at surgery, 70% of the patients had no evidence of disease at 3 years. The therapeutic effect of lymphadenectomy is also reflected in the marked improvement in survival of all patients with Stage III ovarian cancer after the introduction of lymphadenectomy.

Chromaffin System↗