PubMed · 13845766
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A WOLMAN. 1959. Man in a complex environment.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13845766/
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Environmental hazards can be caused from radioactive waste after their disposal. It was therefore important that safety assessment methodologies be developed and established to study and estimate the possible hazards, and institute certain safety methodologies that lead and prevent the evolution of these hazards. Spent sealed sources are specific type of radioactive waste. According to IAEA definition, spent sealed sources are unused sources because of activity decay, damage, misuse, loss, or theft. Accidental exposure of humans from spent sealed sources can occur at the moment they become spent and before their disposal. Because of that reason, safety assessment methodologies were tailored to suit the management of spent sealed sources. To provide understanding and confidence of this study, validation analysis was undertaken by considering the scenario of an accident that occurred in Egypt, June 2000 (the Meet-Halfa accident from an iridium-192 source). The text of this work includes consideration related to the safety assessment approaches of spent sealed sources which constitutes assessment context, processes leading an active source to be spent, accident scenarios, mathematical models for dose calculations, and radiological consequences and regulatory criteria. The text also includes a validation study, which was carried out by evaluating a theoretical scenario compared to the real scenario of Meet-Halfa accident depending on the clinical assessment of affected individuals.
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Quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies in plants frequently employ phenotypic data on a population of lines (doubled haploid lines, recombinant inbred lines, etc.) tested in multiple environments. An important feature of such data is the genetic correlation among observations on the same genotype in different environments. Detection of QTL-by-environment interaction requires tests which take this correlation into account. In this article, a comparison was made of the properties of several such tests by means of simulation. The results indicate that a split-plot analysis of variance (ANOVA), being an approximate method, tends to be too liberal under departures from the Huynh-Feldt condition. A standard two-way ANOVA, which ignores genetic correlation, yields inappropriate tests and should be avoided. In contrast, mixed model approaches as well as univariate and multivariate repeated-measures ANOVA yield valid results. This supports the use of a flexible mixed model framework in more complex settings, which are difficult to tackle by repeated-measures ANOVA. .