PubMed · 13853066
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J H JACOBSON, G F GESTRING. 1959. Spontaneous retinal electrical potentials.. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1959.04220040061008
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PURPOSE: To evaluate whether a normal subject can deliberately produce abnormal electroretinogram (ERG) results that simulate disorders of the retina. DESIGN: Prospective study. METHODS: Five normal subjects were evaluated twice with full-field ERGs. The subjects were randomly assigned to be compliant or noncompliant (i.e., to deliberately attempt to alter the test results) at each visit. Results from compliant eyes were compared with those of noncompliant eyes. RESULTS: While the amplitudes of all parameters were decreased in the noncompliant group, the difference was not statistically significant, and the results were usually within the normal limits of our laboratory. No subject was able to alter the results to mimic a retinal disease or to reproduce a specific pattern of changes. CONCLUSIONS: Although ERG results can be altered by noncompliant subjects, the results are usually only "borderline abnormal" and do not correspond to any pattern of retinal disease. These results confirm that abnormal full-field ERGs indicate true retinal disease.
PURPOSE: Our aim was to review the phenotype and extent of ERG changes in syndromic RP (SRP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of charts of 82 patients seen over the last 20 years with SRP was carried out. Clinical data were compared with changes in ERG. Full-field ERGs comprised selective rod-driven, maximal dark-adapted mixed responses, and isolated cone-driven signals. Occasionally, ERGs were recorded under brief general anaesthesia. ERG changes were classified as normal, reduced or extinguished. RESULTS: Syndromic RP was diagnosed for the following entities: Usher (45 patients), Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl (LMBB, 17 patients), Kearns-Sayre (10), Batten (6), Refsum (3), Senior-Loken (1). ERG changes varied in every subgroup and were therefore not specific for the syndromes. CONCLUSION: There was wide variation of clinical presentation in SRP, much as seen in isolated RP, often without obvious ophthalmoscopic changes. ERG testing is a prerequisite for differential diagnosis as well as for early detection of multiple handicaps.
The multifocal visual evoked potentials are the evoked responses over the visual cortex in response to the stimulation of circumscribed small areas in the central 30 degree region of the retina. The recording of multifocal visual evoked potentials was made possible by the computer algorhythm elaborated by Sutter in 1991. Multifocal electroretinography, developed upon the same theoretical principles, is already an routine clinical examination method for the topographic analysis of functional damages in the central part of the retina and for the differential diagnostics in neuro-ophthalmology. The multifocal visual evoked potential, however, has not been introduced into the clinical practice, although it displays the function of ganglion cells in a given region of the retina in a more detailed way than the sensitivity threshold in the perimetry. This examination makes the objective verification of defects possible in the visual pathway, too. In our department the recording of multifocal visual evoked potentials was started in 2002. In this paper we present the basics of this method and also deal with the problems concerning its application and its status in the history of visual evoked potentials.