PubMed · 13865329
The source did not provide an abstract. Follow the original record for more information.
Explore connections, maps & timelines
W E BARRY, H J DAY. 1962. Hypercoagulability in iron-loading anemia.. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000441-196205000-00006
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.
KEEP EXPLORING
Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) represents the most aggressive form of monoclonal gammopathy for which new treatment approaches are needed. Here we report the effect of Bortezomib on cells from 4 patients with PCL, as well as the in vivo efficacy on a patient with secondary PCL. Bortezomib reduced PCL numbers and was more efficient in cell growth inhibition than dexamethasone or doxorubicin. Treatment with Bortezomib induced procaspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and decreased the amount of extracellular signal regulated kinase (Erk1/2) and phospho-Erk1/2. However, Bortezomib did not substantially affect the levels of the Erk1/2 upstream activating kinase (MEK1), p27 or p21. Finally, we had the opportunity to use Bortezomib in a heavily pretreated patient with overt secondary PCL and severe anemia and thrombocytopenia. Following Bortezomib treatment, circulating plasma cells disappeared; what is more striking, the peripheral blood counts returned to normal, becoming transfusion-independent. These data support the inclusion of Bortezomib in the therapeutic armamentarium of PCL.
Hrdlicka ([1914] Smithson. Inst. Misc. Collect. 61:1-69) reported that pre-Columbian skeletal material from the coastal lowland Andean region exhibited a high frequency of porotic hyperostosis, a pathological condition of bone that generally is thought to indicate childhood anemia. While subsequent studies tended to reinforce this conclusion, factors implicated in the condition have yet to be fully explored in the region as a whole. This study explores regional and intravalley variation as one step in establishing biocultural variables that increase the apparent risk of childhood anemia. The study sample includes 1,465 individuals: 512 from Peruvian collections housed at the Field Museum of Natural History, and 953 from systematically excavated contexts from Moquegua, Peru. Environmental stressors, such as parasites and disease, rather than specific dietary practices were found to be more likely associated with childhood anemia in these coastal Andean samples. The study supports cribra orbitalia as an earlier expression of porotic hyperostosis and suggests that porotic hyperostosis, as recorded here, cannot be easily dismissed as a result of cranial shape modification. No clear temporal patterns were observed. Finally, the study establishes that comparing data for children and adults can reveal the relative association between childhood anemia and mortality. Childhood mortality associated with anemia was elevated where the presence of tuberculosis or tuberculosis-like conditions was more common and the presence of water-borne pathogens was negligible. In contrast, those buried at lower altitudes, closer to the coast, and consuming mainly marine resources were less likely to die in childhood with anemia than in the other contexts studied.
Locoregional recurrence remains a major obstacle to achieving a cure of locally advanced head and neck cancers, despite multimodality therapy. Multiple studies report that a low hemoglobin (Hgb) before or during radiation therapy is an important risk factor for poor locoregional disease control and survival. Anemia is common in the head and neck cancer population and is suspected to contribute to intratumoral hypoxia with resultant radioresistance. Although having a low Hgb level has been shown to be detrimental, it is unclear as to exactly what the threshold should be for low Hgb (studies in this area have used thresholds ranging from 9-14.5 g/dL). Quality-of-life studies suggest that correction of moderately severe anemia may result in significant gains. Optimal Hgb levels for improving outcomes may vary across and within tumor types, and this is an area that requires further evaluation. However, the correction of anemia may be a worthwhile strategy for radiation oncologists to improve local control and survival. This article reviews the impact of anemia on outcomes after radiotherapy of head and neck cancers.