PubMed · 13875145
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O BUSINCO. 1962. [Electronic therapy].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13875145/
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A transducer format that replaces the electrode of an acoustic resonator with a planar spiral coil is used to extract multifrequency spectral information from adsorbed protein films. Both amorphous silica and crystalline piezoelectric resonators are driven to resonance by forces induced across an air gap by magnetic direct generation and piezoelectric excitation induced by the electromagnetic field of the coil. Inspection of the harmonic frequencies between 6 MHz and 0.6 GHz indicates that the response of these two resonator types is described by different families of shear acoustic standing waves, with similar acoustic features to the quartz crystal microbalance. Exposure of the devices to protein solutions results in reproducible shifts of their harmonic frequencies, up to a maximum of 15 kHz and increasing linearly with frequency and operating mode. The gradient, determined from the ratio of the frequency change to the operating frequency was determined as 21.5 x 10(-6) for the quartz device and 60.9 x 10(-6) for the silica device. Consistency with the Sauerbrey equation for the piezoelectric linear shear mode was comparable at a predicted value of 22.5 x 10(-6), but not for the radial shear mode of the silica device at 12.7 x 10(-6). Opportunities resulting from the wide bandwidth of the planar coil excitation and choice of acoustic mode are discussed with respect to acoustic fingerprinting of adsorbed proteins.
Most commercial laser-scanning imaging systems used for confocal fluorescence microscopy can be readily adapted for use with two-photon fluorescence excitation. We report here on the details of the conversion of the Nikon C1 (product released November 2001) with two channels of nondescanned detection of two-photon-excited fluorescence. One of the goals of the design was to utilize off-the-shelf components as much as possible to minimize the use of custom machining and electronics assembly. We also give some initial characterization of the imaging properties of the system.
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