PubMed · 13912921
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S SILVER. 1962. Microwave aperture antennas and diffraction theory.. https://doi.org/10.1364/josa.52.000131
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PCR amplification has emerged as a very important tool in biological research. The utility of the PCR is, however, hampered by the fact that it is a slow technique. Faster heating cycles are therefore needed, both to enhance the activity of the enzyme, and to enable shortening of the reaction times. In this paper, polymerase chain reactions with focused microwave irradiation as the source of heat were demonstrated for the first time. Thus, it was established that continuous microwave heating does not terminate the enzymatic function of the polymerase. The results indicate the possibility to shorten the total reaction time. In addition, the technique may give the possibility to perform PCR reactions in millilitre scale.
An open focused microwave-assisted digestion procedure has been developed to decompose and dissolve vegetal matrices for subsequent macro- and micronutrients analysis. The parameters of the microwave oven were evaluated using an experimental design. Sulfuric acid (5 mL) and hydrogen peroxide (3 mL) were found to be suitable for quantitative determination of Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, P, and Zn in 0.100-0.500 g of vegetal sample. The precision was better than 6% for all elements at different concentrations. Results for reference and laboratory control materials are in agreement with certified and indicative values. In addition, the sample digest could be used for ICP-OES of all the elements mentioned. The proposed microwave-assisted digestion procedure offers the ability to determine the most important essential plant nutrients in one unique solution by means of analytical techniques usually found in most laboratories.
We describe a slotted waveguide field applicator and present the results of experimental investigation. The experimental results show that it can efficiently transfer power to plasma in the wide pressure range. Specially, it is able to produce a large diameter uniform plasma cylinder with diameter over 160 mm. The electron temperature and density are 2-4 eV and 10(10)-10(11) cm-3, respectively, under conditions of the pressure below 135 Pa and the microwave power 500-900 w. In addition, the primary study of the surface-wave modes indicate that the mode of m = 6 can be excited and propagate.