PubMed · 13926956
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de VULPIAN. 1961. [Directed roentgenotherapy with variable incidences].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13926956/
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Many cellular responses are quantal; that is, they either take place or they do not. Examples of "either-or" responses include cell replication, differentiation and apoptosis. Surprisingly, induction of suites of genes and coordinated phenotypic changes in cells are also often quantal, where embedded molecular circuitry creates on-off switches. Mechanistic incidence-dose (ID) models need to account for the quantal characteristics of cellular switches that contribute, in turn, to dose thresholds and to the incidence of biological responses in individuals. Interdisciplinary systems biology approaches create mechanistic ID models based on: (i) detailed knowledge of the cellular circuitry controlling signal transduction; (ii) evolving biological modeling tools describing cellular circuits and their perturbations by chemicals and (iii) high throughput, high coverage "omic" screens for examining cell signaling pathways and biological responses. These interdisciplinary approaches should produce novel, quantitative ID models for biological responses and greatly improve the biological basis of safety and risk assessments.
57 native potato tuber samples collected from different potato growing region of Iran, planted on single rows in Karaj College experimental station. Plant samples of each single row plus 9.25 Fresh foliage samples collected from fields under new introduced cultivars were tested for potato virus (PVM) infection during growing season. Also 78 weeds and field crops belonging to Solonacae and Leguminosae from or neighboring to potato field were tested. Results indicated that PVM was not found on any plant other than potatoes. PVM was detected on 16 samples of 57 old vars, Virus was not seen in any samples collected from fields under new varieties. Results show that PVM is limiting in this crop. PVM detecting is difficult using assay hosts. Best test plants were French bean var Red kidney, Showing pinpoint necrotic LL, also Datura metel and Nicotiana debneyi are useful for virus detection showing chlorotic local lesion. Also microprecipition and gel diffusion test can be used for virus detection but Elisa was the best method. PVM infected plant showed 11-19.5 percent yield decrease in 3 cultivars tested.
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