PubMed · 13934786
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I MENA, A PERE, P VELA, CAPURROI, R MAGGIOLO. [The placentogram].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13934786/
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of all possible imaging strategies on the appropriateness ratings for carotid endarterectomy, because less accurate noninvasive techniques are replacing contrast angiography, which was used in the major efficacy trials. METHODS: An expert panel, using appropriateness methodology, rated 203 scenarios where endarterectomy might be performed. Each scenario was rated where internal carotid artery stenosis was determined using five different imaging sources: 1) conventional angiography, 2) ultrasound carotid Doppler only, 3) CT (CTA) or MR (MRA) angiography only, 4) concordant results from two noninvasive carotid imaging studies, and 5) discordant results from two noninvasive studies. The scenarios deemed appropriate by conventional angiography were identified. The effect of the other imaging modalities on these results was examined. RESULTS: Thirty-three scenarios were identified as being appropriate. Concordant imaging results had no effect on appropriateness ratings in symptomatic carotid artery disease when compared with conventional angiography. Single noninvasive imaging techniques were deemed appropriate for investigation only in the presence of severe symptomatic stenosis. In all other scenarios, single noninvasive imaging and discordant results reduced the appropriateness rating of scenarios to either uncertain benefit or inappropriateness. The single appropriate scenario for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis was where severe stenosis was determined by concordant noninvasive imaging or by CTA or MRA alone. CONCLUSION: It is important to take into account both the clinical scenario and the imaging modalities utilized to determine the degree of internal carotid artery stenosis in the clinical decision making surrounding carotid endarterectomy.
In the past 5 years, there has been a rapid evolution in the endovascular treatment of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Previously, most bleeding distal to the ligament of Treitz was managed with catheter-directed vasoconstrictive therapy. Currently, microcatheters allow superselective embolization of bleeding vessels, a technique that minimizes potential ischemic complications and obviates many drawbacks associated with vasopressin infusion. This article summarizes the current radiologic approach for patients with severe colonic hemorrhage.
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of percutaneous implantation of a balloon-expandable valved stent in the inferior vena cava. MATERIAL/METHODS: A valve harvested from a bovine jugular vein, preserved in glutaraldehyde and mounted in a stent, was evaluated in animals. Six lambs, weighing 30 to 40 kg, were included in the study. Under general anesthesia, a valved stent with its 18-Fr delivery system was inserted through the right jugular vein, advanced, and delivered in the inferior vena cava. Hemodynamic and angiographic evaluations were performed prior to, immediately after, and two months after implantation. RESULTS: All valved stents were successfully implanted in the desired position. No early or late migration of the stent was noted in any animal. All valves were perfectly competent at the time of implantation. At 2 months, none of the valves were functional. The inferior vena cava was occluded at the site of valve insertion and collateral circulation was present in all animals. At autopsy, the valved stent was completely occluded. CONCLUSIONS: Valve implantation is feasible in the venous system through a percutaneous approach. The function of this valve in that position is limited by the absence of a high pressure gradient. Animal models and improvements in the device are mandatory before considering this technique as a reliable procedure to treat chronic venous insufficiency syndrome in humans.