PubMed · 13979251
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G A SUMMERS. 1963-01-05. Coroner's postmortem examination.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(63)91188-7
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BACKGROUND: Our previous study clearly demonstrated that decreased expression of prothymosin alpha (PTMA) was associated with inhibition of rat prostate carcinogenesis by isoflavones. The purpose of the present investigation was to provide a better understanding of the role of PTMA in human prostate cancers. METHODS AND RESULTS: PTMA expression in 68 prostate cancer cases and in prostate cancer cell lines was examined by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting, and its levels were increased with progression from normal epithelium, through prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) to carcinomas, correlating with the Gleason's pattern. All cell lines studied (LNCaP, 22Rv1, DU145, and PC3) showed high PTMA expression compared with prostate epithelial cells (PrEC). Knockdown of PTMA expression in PC3 cells by RNAi resulted in the inhibition of both cell growth and invasion in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: The present study clearly demonstrated that PTMA expression is intimately involved in the differentiation and progression of human prostate cancers, and could be a target for therapy and diagnostic purposes.
BACKGROUND: For the transoral block of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) of the sympathetic trunk we investigated the dissemination of three of three different volumes. The aim was to find an ideal volume and reasons for a failure of the technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 40 preserved heads were investigated. 35 were injected with the contrast agent Jopamiro. 1 ml was applied on the left side of 30 heads, 2 ml on all right sides. 5 heads were injected with 5 ml into the parapharyngeal space (PPS) on the right and into the prevertebral space (PVS) on the left side. All heads were investigated by CT-Scans and 3D reconstruction. 5 cadavers were injected with 5 ml blue coloured water for dissection. RESULTS: 1 or 2 ml showed very similar dissemination. To reach the PPS, the needle had to be pushed laterally or, if the direction was changed more medially, the needle had to be pulled back. Feeling two resistances, the PVS was reached instead of the SCG. 5 ml spread to other regions of the head. CONCLUSION: 1 ml seems to be sufficient to block the SCG. The guidelines have to be strictly followed to avoid failure of the block. 5 ml disseminate to unexpected and undesirable regions.
Investigation of bodies recovered out of water comprises an important proportion of the medico-legal requests. However, the key question whether the victim died due to "true" drowning can frequently not easily be solved. In addition, the diagnosis of hydrocution is even more difficult. In this manuscript, a review of reported diagnostic methods is discussed in order to provide guidelines, which can be used in current forensic practice. In particular, the (dis)advantages of various biological and thanato-chemical methods, described in literature during the last 20 years, will be confronted with the classical techniques such as the detection of diatoms and algae. Indeed, the diatom test is still considered as the "golden standard". In conclusion, the ideal diagnostic test as definite proof for drowning still needs to be established. At present, the combination of the autopsy findings and the diatom test is a good compromise in arriving at a conclusion. Additional biochemical and technical methods could be useful. Unfortunately, the cost-benefit analysis in current practice could be hard to defend. However, the importance of this subject asks for further scientific approaches and research.