PubMed · 14038697
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S RINGOIR. 1962. [Proteinuria].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14038697/
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Hyperfiltration has been implicated in the progression toward diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). This study focuses for the first time on the in vivo modulation of single-nephron GFR (SNGFR) in the classic B6.Cg-m(+/+)Lepr(db)/J (db/db) mouse model of DM2. To obtain stable preparations, it was necessary to use a sustaining infusion of 3.3 ml.100 g body wt(-1) x h(-1), or higher. SNGFR (measured both proximally and distally) was greater in db/db vs. heterozygote (db/m) mice (P < 0.05) but not vs. the wild-type (WT) mice. The tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) responses, determined as free-flow proximal vs. distal SNGFR differences, were significant in db/db mice (11.6 +/- 0.8 vs. 9.3 +/- 1.0 nl/min, P < 0.01), in db/m mice (8.0 +/- 0.8 vs. 7.2 +/- 0.6 nl/min, P < 0.02), and WT mice (9.9 +/- 0.6 vs. 8.9 +/- 0.7 nl/min, P < 0.05). After increasing the sustaining infusion in the db/db mice, to offset glycosuric urine losses, the SNGFR increased significantly, and the TGF response was abolished. In these volume-replete db/db mice, absolute fluid reabsorption measured both at the late proximal and distal tubular sites were significantly increased vs. db/m mice infused at 3.3 ml.100 g body wt(-1) x h(-1). After infusion of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor S-methylthiocitrulline, SNGFR fell in both db/db and db/m mice. These studies show that SNGFR is elevated in this mouse model of DM2, is suppressed by nNOS inhibition, and is modulated by TGF influences that are altered by the diabetic state and responsive to changes in extracellular fluid volume.
BACKGROUND: Recently, hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c), microalbumin (MA), C-reactive protein (CRP) and rheumatoid factor (RF) have been introduced on high throughput general chemistry system. We evaluated analytical performance of these assays on an integrated clinical chemistry and immunoassay analyzer and studied the impact of testing these assays on these systems on the overall efficiency of the analyzer, via computer simulation. METHODS: The analytical performance was measured by determining precision, linearity and correlation of patient sample results with in-house testing methodology. MedModel simulation software is used to develop simulation model and process efficiency is determined by measuring turnaround times and resource utilization. RESULTS: Between-days CVs ranged from 8.59% for MA to 3.22% for HgbA1c level 1 controls. Less than 2% carryover for all 4 methods was observed on the integrated analyzer. For HgbA1c on HPLC analyzer, the minimum and maximum TAT for a batch of 50 samples was 3.78 and 160 min, respectively, while for the integrated system it was 28.2 and 35.1 min, respectively. Labor utilization for the 2 processes ranged from 3.21% to 3.75%. CONCLUSION: Chemistry module on an integrated system can be used to determine the HgbA1c and other serum proteins.
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