PubMed · 14087453
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J M MCBRIDE. 1963. POST-MENOPAUSAL BLEEDING.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14087453/
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CONTEXT: Menstrual migraine affects approximately 50% to 60% of female migraineurs, but knowledge regarding the role of hormones, especially estrogen, appears incomplete. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review to determine the role of hormones on menstrual migraine. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: MEDLINE (January 1966 through September 1, 2005) and EMBASE Drugs and Pharmacology (January 1991 through September 1, 2005) were searched for articles published in the English language using the keywords migraine, estrogen, menstrual migraine, pure menstrual migraine, true menstrual migraine, menstrually-associated migraine, menstrually-related migraine, pregnancy, breast-feeding, perimenopause, menopause, nitric oxide, and estrogen receptors. A total of 643 unique articles were reviewed for relevance, scientific rigor, and generalizability. For each relevant citation, the bibliography was reviewed to identify additional sources of pertinent data. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The influence of estrogen on migraine is evident by a 3-fold greater prevalence among women compared with men, and by significant changes in migraine incidence with changes in female reproductive status. Menstrual migraines are usually more resistant to treatment, generally not associated with aura, of longer duration, and associated with more functional disability compared with attacks at other times of the month. Biochemical and genetic evidence suggest central and peripheral roles for estrogen in the pathophysiology of menstrual migraine, with potential interactions with excitatory circuits, including serotonergic components. Although evidence for estrogen as a preventive treatment for menstrual migraine is inconsistent, serotonin receptor agonists (triptans) provide acute relief and also may have a role in prevention. CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiological, pathophysiological, and clinical evidence link estrogen to migraine headaches. Triptans appear to provide acute relief and also may be useful for headache prevention. Clear, focused, and evidence-based treatment algorithms are needed to support primary care physicians, neurologists, and gynecologists in the treatment of this common condition.
BACKGROUND: To investigate the available data regarding possible associations between phases of the menstrual cycle and suicidal behaviour. METHOD: A systematic search of major relevant databases was performed using appropriate search terms. RESULTS: Forty-four relevant studies were identified in total, 13 pertaining to suicide, two pertaining to both attempted and completed suicide, 23 to suicide attempts, three to suicide attempts in those suffering from the premenstrual syndrome (PMS), three to suicidal ideation and two to repetitive self-harming behaviours. A variety of methodologies were used in these studies and there were notable differences in the conclusions reached. Studies with better methodology suggest that a positive relationship exists between aspects of the menstrual cycle and non-fatal suicidal behaviour. Such behaviour appears to be more common in those phases of the menstrual cycle when oestrogen levels are lowest (the late luteal and follicular phases), and in those suffering from PMS. CONCLUSIONS: There appears to be an association between the menstrual cycle and non-fatal suicidal behaviours. Interaction between oestrogen and the serotonergic system may provide a possible mechanism.
The initial rates of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-mediated enzymatic reactions of 15 assorted aqueous phase phenolic chemicals were studied. The associated reaction rate constants were found to correlate quantitatively with two independent variables: the highest-occupied molecular orbital energy (E(HOMO)) defining the intrinsic redox reactivities of the phenolic substrates and the distance between a substrate and the deltaN of HIS42's imidazole ring in an HRP/substrate binding complex, obtained through molecular simulations. Highly correlated quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) equations were thus developed. This work provides insights into the impacts that HRP/substrate binding may have on HRP-mediated reactions. Additionally, the QSAR equations developed in the work may serve as a basis to further explore the potential use of HRP-mediated reactions in the treatment of estrogenic contaminants, and they constitute an important tool for redesign and screening of potential proteomic modifications to the wild-type HRP structure intended to enhance reactivity toward selected substrates.