PubMed · 14144153
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A M ROBINSON. 1964. HYPERBARIC OXYGEN UNIT.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14144153/
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Flammability limits and explosion characteristics of toluene-nitrous oxide mixtures are experimentally determined in an 8l spherical vessel, and are compared with corresponding values of toluene-air mixtures. The experiments, performed at atmospheric pressure and at an initial temperature of 70 degrees C, show that the flammable range of toluene in nitrous oxide (0.25-22.5 mol%) is about three times as wide as the corresponding range of toluene in air (1.3-7.1 mol%). Maximum values of the explosion pressure ratio and the deflagration index, K(G), are clearly higher when nitrous oxide is applied as an oxidizer. This can be attributed to the increased flame temperature and burning velocity of toluene-nitrous oxide flames. Moreover, extremely high values of K(G) for near-stoichiometric mixtures in combination with strong acoustic oscillations in the pressure signals of these mixtures indicate the existence of a flame accelerating mechanism. These phenomena are enhanced when an initial pressure of 6 bara is applied. Finally, when evaluating the lower flammability limit, it was found that pure nitrous oxide decomposes at pressures above 4.5 bara when applying an ignition energy of about 10 J.
The most effective remedy for iron deficiency is the use of synthetic iron chelates, specifically chelates derived from polyaminecarboxylic acids as EDDHSA (N,N'-ethylenediamine-di-(2-hidroxy-5-sulfophenylacetic) acid). A gradient ion-pair chromatographic method was developed to quantify the total amount of chelated iron in EDDHSA/Fe3+ fertilizers. Two mobile phases were used containing, respectively, 35 and 75% acetonitrile in a 0.005 M tetrabutylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution at pH 6.0. The stationary phase was a reverse phase C-18 column (150mm x 3.9mm i.d., dp = 5 microm). Two chromatographic peaks appeared and were identified by Electrospray Mass Spectrometry. The first peak corresponds to the monomer of EDDHSA/Fe3+ and the second peak has been assigned to condensation molecules. Quality parameters indicate that the method is suitable for the quantification of iron chelate by EDDHSA fertilizers.
This paper details a validated liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-APCI-MS/MS) method for the quantification of methadone, and its metabolites 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), 2-ethyl-5-methyl-3,3-diphenylpyraline (EMDP) and methadol in human meconium. Limits of detection (LOD) were determined to be 1.0 ng/g for methadone, EDDP and EMDP and 2.5 ng/g for methadol. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) for methadone, EDDP, EMDP were 5 and 25 ng/g for methadol. Linearity ranged from 5.0 to 500 ng/g. Following solid-phase extraction, no matrix effect was observed. This method proved to be suitable for the quantification of methadone, EDDP and EMDP and the semi-quantitation of methadol in meconium. Literature review revealed no other published LC-APCI-MS/MS method for the detection of methadone and its three main metabolites in meconium specimens.