PubMed · 14268845
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D H NORTHCOTE. 1964. POLYSACCHARIDES.. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.33.070164.000411
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The Global Information Network on Chemicals (GINC) was a project to construct a worldwide information network linking international, national, and other organizations working for the safe management of chemicals. Proposed in 1993, the project started the next year and lasted almost 10 years. It was begun as a joint project of World Health Organization (WHO), International Labor Organization (ILO), and United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), and later endorsed by the Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety (IFCS). Asia, particularly East Asia and the Pacific islands, was chosen as the feasibility study region. The author's group then at the National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS) of Japan led this initiative and hosted numerous meetings. At these meetings, tutorial sessions for communicating chemical safety expertise and emerging new information technologies relevant to the safe management of chemicals were offered. Our experience with this project, particularly the Web-based system and the tutorial sessions, may be of use to others involved with Web-based instruction and the training of chemical safety specialists from both developed and developing countries.
The influences of the bathing solution and crosslink density on the swelling equilibrium of ionic thermo-sensitive hydrogels due to temperature stimulus are studied by mathematical modeling. The model used is termed the multi-effect-coupling thermal-stimulus (MECtherm) model with consideration of multiphases and multiphysics. It is used for the steady-state numerical simulation of the hydrogels in swelling equilibrium after it is verified well by comparison with available experimental data concerning the variation of volume swelling ratio with temperature. The phenomenon of volume phase transition is simulated for the thermal-stimulus responsive hydrogel. Simulations predict well the influences of the bathing solution concentration and crosslink density of polymeric network on the swelling equilibrium of the hydrogels.