PubMed · 14294550
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J J ALVAREZVICENT. 1965. [OTOLOGIC EMERGENCIES].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14294550/
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Ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome (AMS) is a rare condition reported to date in 13 patients worldwide. AMS is characterized by absent or short eyelids, absent eyebrows and eyelashes, macrostomia, and external ear abnormalities. Additional features include alopecia or sparse hair, hypoplastic malar region, redundant skin, rudimentary nipples, abnormal genitalia. While the AMS phenotype is well delineated in infants and children, clinical manifestations are rather poorly characterized in adulthood. Here, we report on an Italian woman who received a diagnosis of AMS at the age of 46 years after several surgical treatments. A clinical comparison between our patient and previously reported AMS cases aids in delineating the adult phenotype of AMS and further broadens the clinical spectrum of this condition.
OBJECTIVES: With the miniaturization of electronic devices, the demand and usage of button batteries has risen. As a result, button batteries are more readily available for young children to handle and potentially mishandle. They are frequently inadvertently placed by children in their ears or noses. Occasionally they are swallowed and lodged along the upper aerodigestive tract. METHODS: We outline the pathophysiology of button battery-induced trauma and present key radiological features of button batteries that are important in preventing delayed diagnosis after pediatric ingestion. RESULTS: Button batteries of all sizes have a distinctive double contour on radiographs. CONCLUSIONS: Button battery ingestion requires prompt diagnosis and removal. A high index of suspicion along with radiographs help assist with the diagnosis. Potential tragic complications can be averted with expeditious removal.
Medical diagnostics and clinical practice rely extensively on test and measurement instrumentation. It is therefore of paramount importance that test and measurement instrumentation provides reliable data of sufficient stability, within appropriate limits of accuracy. At the same time the intended purpose of a particular measuring instrument has to be taken into account. The essential problem of every measuring instrument is that it measures and indicates basically what appears at the input of the measuring instrument, which might be significantly different from the real condition of a measurand. Namely, it is assumed that a measurand is stable, repeatable, and relatively unsusceptible to environmental influences. All these requirements are difficult to assure in a biological system and especially difficult in medical practice. Technology could easily provide high-resolution measurements, but due to natural instability of a measurand and various influential parameters the measurement uncertainty is inevitable. Sometimes even gross measurement errors are introduced. To achieve the expected accuracy for intended purpose is therefore much more demanding than merely relying on manufacturers' specifications. This paper describes and analyses the mentioned dilemmas in the case of widely used infrared ear thermometers, with their benefits and limitations, as well as with regard to the European technical regulation in the field of medical devices.