PubMed · 14322511
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T J DRUHOT. 1965. USING THE MANPOWER TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ACT.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14322511/
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BACKGROUND: This study examined the association of otitis media in children <6 years old and the exposure to wood and charcoal smoke, as well as to other risk factors, in Maputo. METHODS: Case-control study. In all 750 children matched by sex and age were enrolled in a hospital-community study. Cases were gathered from among children visiting the Central Hospital of Maputo with otitis media and controls were recruited in the same village as the cases. Conditional logistic regression was performed to evaluate, simultaneously, the effect of each risk factor. RESULTS: Cases were more likely to have been exposed to tobacco smoke (OR = 1.51), to wood (OR = 1.85) and charcoal (OR = 1.50) household smoke, to short term breastfeeding (OR = 1.47), and to live in overcrowded conditions (OR = 1.49). Multivariate analysis stratified by age groups (younger and older than 2 years) showed that cases were more likely to be exposed to wood and charcoal smoke than controls, regardless of age. Among children aged >2 years, Eustachian tube dysfunction was evident (OR = 3.06) particularly in those living in less overcrowded conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Findings of this study are consistent with earlier studies that have reported an association between parental smoking, short duration of breastfeeding, and Eustachian tube dysfunction. The association with wood and charcoal smoke indicates that there is a need to educate people regarding the avoidance of exposing their children to this environmental hazard.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of experiential learning methodologies in primiparous women on their choice and maintenance of an infant feeding method. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective controlled study into experiential learning methods applied to patients with four months' follow up. Seventy-three primiparous women attending the antenatal clinic at the West Suffolk Hospital for their 32 weeks check were allocated to two groups on the basis of date of attendance. Multiple pregnancy and serious illness were excluded. Thirty-three women attended a two hour seminar on breast feeding using experiential techniques. Forty had routine antenatal care and acted as controls. Breast feeding rates of the two groups were recorded at various stages. Assessment also included comments from questionnaires. RESULTS: The two groups did not differ significantly in the number of women proposing to breast feed their infants (Z = -0.0490, P = 0.9609) nor in the numbers of women breast feeding on day one ( Z = -0.6203, P = 0.5350). There were proportionally more women breast feeding their infants at two weeks ( Z = -1.4944, P = 0.1351) in the subject group, but this was not statistically significant. However, the difference at four months was significant, ( Z = -2.5784, P = 0.0099), more than double the percentage of controls maintaining some breast feeding to four months in the subject group. CONCLUSIONS: Experiential learning was associated with increased rates of prolonged breast feeding, possibly due to increased patient confidence in their choice. This learning approach could be applied to other areas of patient health education.