PubMed · 14334178
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G E SHAW, J O LEDBETTER. 1965. CORRELATING SOILING INDEX WITH BETA ACTIVITY.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14334178/
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Capturing the spatiotemporal distribution of pollutants in industrial parks remains challenging for regional air quality models because of their coarse resolution (3 km), resulting in uncertainties in local emission quantification. To address this, we developed the Integrated Multiscale Air Quality Modelling System for Industry (IAQMS-Industry), coupling the regional Nested Air Quality Prediction Modelling System (NAQPMS) with a city-scale chemical transport model. This framework integrates point-source locations and Gaussian plume dispersion to simulate particulate matter with a diameter smaller than 2.5 micrometres (PM2.5) at 100 m resolution. Applied to the Beijing Yi Zhuang and Tangshan industrial parks and evaluated against observations. The coupled model achieved a normalized mean bias (NMB) ranging from 3.1 % to 6.2 %, improving upon NAQPMS (-16.9 % to -7.7 %). Spatial analysis revealed that coarse regional grids underestimated the PM2.5​ concentrations at industrial sites by smoothing gradients, whereas IAQMS-Industry successfully resolved spatial patterns. Industrial point emissions accounted for 22.9 %-26.4 % of PM2.5 in the coupled model, which was significantly greater than the regional model estimates of 1.6 %-13.7 %. These findings indicate that regional models overestimate pollutant dispersion processes in industrial parks while underestimating local industrial impacts. By explicitly resolving point-source dynamics and linking them to regional transport, IAQMS-Industry provides a robust tool for designing targeted emission controls in industrial cities and balancing local air quality improvements with minimized regional pollution outflow. This study underscores the necessity of multiscale modelling for accurate source apportionment and informed environmental governance in industrial zones.
This paper reviews the Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSP) concept, which is a first attempt to bring the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) carbon sequestration program activities into the "real world" by using a geographically-disposed-system type approach for the U.S. Each regional partnership is unique and covers a unique section of the U.S. and is tasked with determining how the research and development activities of DOE's carbon sequestration program can best be implemented in their region of the country. Although there is no universal agreement on the cause, it is generally understood that global warming is occurring, and many climate scientists believe that this is due, in part, to the buildup of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) in the atmosphere. This is evident from the finding presented in the National Academy of Science Report to the President on Climate Change which stated "Greenhouse gases are accumulating in Earth's atmosphere as a result of human activities, causing surface air temperatures and subsurface ocean temperatures to rise. Temperatures are, in fact, rising. The changes observed over the last several decades are likely mostly due to human activities, ...". In the United States, emissions of CO(2) originate mainly from the combustion of fossil fuels for energy production, transportation, and other industrial processes. Roughly one third of U.S. anthropogenic CO(2) emissions come from power plants. Reduction of CO(2) emissions through sequestration of carbon either in geologic formations or in terrestrial ecosystems can be part of the solution to the problem of global warming. However, a number of steps must be accomplished before sequestration can become a reality. Cost effective capture and separation technology must be developed, tested, and demonstrated; a database of potential sequestration sites must be established; and techniques must be developed to measure, monitor, and verify the sequestered CO(2). Geographical differences in fossil fuel use, the industries present, and potential sequestration sinks across the United States dictate the use of a regional approach to address the sequestration of CO(2). To accommodate these differences, the DOE has created a nationwide network of seven Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSP) to help determine and implement the carbon sequestration technologies, infrastructure, and regulations most appropriate to promote CO(2) sequestration in different regions of the nation. These partnerships currently represent 40 states, three Indian Nations, four Canadian Provinces, and over 200 organizations, including academic institutions, research institutions, coal companies, utilities, equipment manufacturers, forestry and agricultural representatives, state and local governments, non-governmental organizations, and national laboratories. These partnerships are dedicated to developing the necessary infrastructure and validating the carbon sequestration technologies that have emerged from DOE's core R&D and other programs to mitigate emissions of CO(2), a potent greenhouse gas. The partnerships provide a critical link to DOE's plans for FutureGen, a highly efficient and technologically sophisticated coal-fired power plant that will produce both hydrogen and electricity with near-zero emissions. Though limited to the situation in the U.S., the paper describes for the international scientific community the approach being taken by the U.S. to prepare for carbon sequestration, should that become necessary.
The object of this study is to evaluate the role of synoptic situations or the combination of several environmental parameters typical for regions close to big deserts, as possible exterior pathogenic factors, which give rise to a number of sometimes medically unexplained symptoms and disorders of human well-being. We suppose that one of the most important causes might be atmospheric electricity, whose role in human life, health and feelings can scarcely be exaggerated; in particular, our research is concentrated on the influence of electromagnetic fields on some subsystems of the human organism. Discussed below are the results of one of the initial stages of our research into the problem of the variations in the electrical state in connection with meteorological conditions in the surface atmospheric layer. The environmental electrical state is determined by either global electrical effects or local factors, as the content of the air column and the meteorological conditions in this volume are tightly connected with air streams. Especially in our region, located between the Mediterranean Sea and the huge African and Asian deserts, the direction, duration and speed of the winds must play the dominant role, due to their control over the content and concentration of air-suspended particles N(T). Desert winds bring increased N(T) of enlarged solid grains, mostly charged, hotter temperature T(0), dryness and other perturbations in the usual weather state and, finally, in the atmospheric electric field intensity E. Within limited intervals of wind speed V(w) (2-5 m x s(-1)) and concentration of enlarged solid grains N(T) (500-4500 grains cm(-3)), the correlation coefficients between E and N(T) and V(w) can reach more than 0.90. Outside these ranges, considerably increased N(T) or several combinations of wind direction with V(w) (not necessarily strong winds) lead to the principal change in the values of E and the form of its diurnal distribution from what is usual for stable weather. For moderately polluted air, the dependence of E on N(T) can be approximated well enough by a polynomial of the second degree; in a dust storm, this function is very close to the log-normal distribution.