PubMed · 14340824
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C M BLOOR, A A LIEBOW. 1965. CORONARY COLLATERAL CIRCULATION.. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(65)90479-0
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The association between cancer and hemostasis has long been studied in cell culture, animal models, and cancer patients developing thrombosis. The variety of biologic mechanisms involved in malignancy and metastasis makes the understanding of the relative importance of each mechanism difficult. We have developed a novel in vitro perfusion model that allows for the isolated study of the interactions between tumor cells and components of the hemostatic system under normal physiologic conditions. Segments of denuded umbilical cord or saphenous vein are cut longitudinally and mounted in a perfusion chamber under sterile conditions. Human breast cancer cells are perfused for 24 h under venous flow conditions with either whole blood (WB), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-poor plasma (PPP), or serum. Tissue samples are fixed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin as well as with pan-cytokeratin. Morphometric analysis is performed to quantify cancer cell adhesion. With PRP, this model maintains normal human physiologic conditions for the duration of the experiment. It differentiates between previously characterized high and low metastatic breast cancer cell lines. In addition, different vein tissue types do not alter tumor cell attachment. This model appears to be an accurate representation of the pathophysiology of in vivo metastasis. This model may serve as a useful bridge between cell culture studies and animal models. It may be a useful tool to elucidate the role of selected hemostatic systems in blood-borne metastasis and may potentially serve as a screening tool for the development of antimetastatic pharmaceutical agents.
INTRODUCTION: Out of the three fetal circulatory shunts, namely the ductus venosus, the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus, the ductus venosus is the most important from the point of view of prenatal sonographic diagnosis. This short vessel channels blood from umbilical vein into the left atrium of the fetal heart. Thereafter, the blood, flowing through the left ventricle, supplies the myocardium and the central nervous system. AIM: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the feasibility of assessing fetal well being on the basis of sonographic measurement of the pulsatility index and the blood flow velocity waveforms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using color Doppler ultrasound instrument, in the course of routine antenatal examinations, the author investigated the blood flow velocity waveforms in the ductus venosus in 102 normal and 14 growth retarded fetuses. RESULTS: The blood flow velocity waveforms in the ductus venosus display two distinguishable peaks. The higher from them is seen during ventricular systole. The smaller peak reflects the blood flow during the passive filling caused by ventricular diastole and the ensuing minimal velocity, or perhaps a negative component with the next atrial contraction. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of the blood flow in the ductus venosus provides insight into physiologic and pathologic processes in the fetal organism. This technique is capable of identifying fetuses predisposed to or endangered by newborn diseases.
BACKGROUND: In head and neck reconstruction, the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap, located adjacent to the area of reconstruction, is a very useful and easy-to-prepare flap. However, it is reported to have an unstable blood circulation that could result in partial necrosis of the skin island. The current study investigated the detailed three-dimensional vascular network in the flap to establish a method of preparation with a stable circulation. METHODS: The pectoralis major muscle and the anterior chest skin on 12 sides of eight fresh cadavers were subjected to angiographic procedures in which contrast medium was injected selectively to the internal thoracic artery and the thoracoacromial artery. On another fresh cadaver, resin was injected in the same manner, and a clear specimen of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap was prepared. RESULTS: The pectoralis major muscle consists of two anatomical vascular territories that the choke vessels in the muscle at the level of the fourth costal cartilage divide into cranial and caudal sides. The chest skin area on the caudal side where the skin island of the flap is prepared receives its blood supply from a dense anastomotic network formed by the fourth, fifth, and sixth intercostal perforating branches. CONCLUSIONS: The blood flow in the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery runs through the choke vessels that dilate at the elevation of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap, first into the fourth intercostal perforating branches; then to the anastomotic vascular network of the fourth, fifth, and sixth intercostal perforating branches; and finally to reach the periphery of the skin island.