PubMed · 14359164
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K D JØRGENSEN. 1954. [Plaster models after alginate impression].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14359164/
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A new and simple technique was developed to obtain polysaccharide (hyaluronane, alginate and carboxymethylcellulose) -based hydrogels with a defined porous morphology. The technique consists of stratifying a cross-linked hydrogel on a filter with known pore diameter. CO(2) bubbles, produced by the addition of HCl to a porogen salt NaHCO(3), are forced to pass through the filter, and they induce the hydrogel to assume a porous morphology. The presence and distribution of pores was confirmed by scanning-electron microscopy (SEM). A strict correspondence was found between the porosity of the filter and the pore diameter in the hydrogels. Water uptake measurements showed a decreased amount of water taken up by the porous hydrogels compared with the native hydrogels, due to a compacting of the material. An explanation of the porous material properties of Hyal hydrogel was given on the basis of FTIR spectra.
This study characterized the attachment of chondrocytes to RGD-functionalized alginate by examining the effect of substrate stiffness on cell attachment and morphology. Bovine chondrocytes were added to wells coated with 2% alginate or RGD-alginate. The alginate was crosslinked with divalent cations ranging from 1.25 to 62.5 mmol/g alginate. Attachment to RGD-alginate was 10-20 times higher than attachment to unmodified alginate and was significantly inhibited by antibodies to integrin subunits alpha3l and beta1, cytochalasin-D, and soluble RGD peptide. The equilibrium level and rate of attachment increased with crosslink density and substrate stiffness. Substrate stiffness also regulated chondrocyte morphology, which changed from a rounded shape with nebulous actin on weaker substrates to a predominantly flat morphology with actin stress fibers on stiffer substrates. The dependence of attachment on integrins and substrate stiffness suggests that chondrocyte integrins may play a role in sensing the mechanical properties of the matrices to which they are attached.
Mouse insulinoma (MIN6) cells were encapsulated into aminopropyl-silicate membrane deposited on calcium alginate gel beads via the sol-gel synthesis. Two alginates with different guluronic acid (G) contents, high and intermediate, but with the same molecular weights were used. Viability of the cells in the membrane templated by the alginate with an intermediate content of guluronic acid (intermediate-G) was approximately 10% higher than those in the membrane templated by the alginate with a high content of guluronic acid immediately after encapsulation. Growth of cells in vitro was hindered in case of encapsulation in the aminopropyl-silicate membrane deposited on the high-G alginate gel. The MIN6 cells in the microcapsule made from high-G alginate needed a longer period to establish a normoglycemic in recipients than those in the microcapsule made from intermediate-G alginate despite the same number of viable cells implantation. Recipients of the microcapsule with the core made from the intermediate-G alginate maintained their blood glucose values less than 300 mg/dl for a longer period.