PubMed · 14367745
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D J FINNEY, T HAZLEWOOD, M J SMITH. 1955. Logarithms to base 2.. https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-12-2-222
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Alkaline xylanases from alkaliphilic Bacillus strains NCL (87-6-10) and Sam III were compared with the commercial xylanases Pulpzyme HC and Biopulp for their compatibility with detergents and proteases for laundry applications. Among the four xylanases evaluated, the enzyme from the alkaliphilic Bacillus strain NCL (87-6-10) was the most compatible. The enzyme retained its full activity (40 degrees C for 1 h) in the presence of detergents, whereas Pulpzyme HC and Sam III showed only 30% and 50% of their initial activity, respectively. Biopulp, though stable to detergents, had only marginal activity (5%)at pH 10. However, all four enzymes retained significant activity (80%) for 60 min in the presence of the proteases Alcalase and Conidiobolus protease. Supplementation of the enzyme enhanced the cleaning ability of the detergents.
A capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method with indirect UV detection was developed to simultaneously separate inorganic and organic arsenic compounds including arsenite (iAsIII), arsenate (iAsV), monomethylarsonate and dimethylarsenic acid (DMAV). 2,6-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDC) and n-hexadecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (CTAOH) were selected to compose a background electrolyte (BGE), where PDC was used as chromophore and CTAOH functioned as electroosmotic flow (EOF) modifier to reduce/eliminate EOF. The choice of detection wavelength, the optimization of BGE pH, and effects of applied electric field strength and temperature on separation were further investigated. The limits of detection for the targeted analytes were between 0.19 and 0.23 ppm as molecule. Good linearity of more than three orders of magnitude was obtained. Repeatability of migration times and peaks areas were 0.8-1.7 and 3.4-6.9% R.S.D.; whereas reproducibility were 1.2-2.2 and 3.6-7.1% R.S.D., respectively. The established CZE method was then applied to analyze the alkali extracts of realgar (As2S2) and orpiment (As2S3). The main components in both alkali extracts were identified to be iAsIII and iAsV.
Reversed-phase HPLC coupled to the atmospheric pressure ionization-electrospray ionization (API-ESI) MS was used for microcystin-LR detection and quantitation in samples of dried Microcystis aeruginosa cells. An alkaline linear gradient (20 mmol/l ammonium hydroxide-acetonitrile, pH 9.7) was used for elution of the toxic peptides. Limit of detection was 1 microg/ml (20 ng per injection) in the scan mode of MS and 0.1 microg/ml (2 ng per injection) in the case of selective ion monitoring.