PubMed · 14378564
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C DODDS. 1955. Synthetic oestrogens.. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a069465
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To determine the distribution of endocrine disruptors (EDs) in lake water and sediments, field investigation was conducted in Lake Teganuma, which is a shallow eutrophic lake, highly affected by human activities. Concentration profiles with sediment depths were obtained for estrogens, nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPnEO), and nonylphenoxy acetic acids (NPnEC). 17beta-Estradiol (E2) was rarely detected, and 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and estriol (E3) were undetected at all depths (0-98 cm) in any of the sediment core samples. The sediment concentrations of estrone (E1) ranging from <0.05 to 3.5 microg/kg-dry wt. and NP from 11.8 microg/kg-dry wt. to 21 mg/kg-dry wt. were obtained. The maximum concentrations of NPnEO and NPnEC in the core sediments were 2.5 mg/kg-dry wt. and 1.4 mg/kg-dry wt., respectively. The EDs concentrations are higher at the inlet than at the outlet (except for NP) in the sediments near the surface. The longitudinal distributions of E1, NPnEO and NPnEC in the benthic sediments show that the concentrations are highest at the inlet, and are fairly constant at lower levels towards the downstream. The obtained results also indicate that NP tends to be adsorbed to the organic particulates produced by algae, followed by sedimentation near the outlet of the lake.
The title molecule, C(26)H(30)O(3), shows a novel chemical rearrangement of the substituents at position 17, i.e. an alpha-orientation of the hydroxy group and a beta-orientation of the bulky benzyl moiety. The packing arrangement consists of coils formed by O(2)...O(3) hydrogen bonds along the c axis. The compound shows complete loss of oestrogenic activity, and neither does it exhibit an antagonistic effect.
Oestrogens induce the development of female reproductive tissues. Endogenous human oestrogens include oestradiol, oestrone and oestriol. Oestrogen signalling in target tissues is dependent on the tissue concentration of oestrogen and the interaction of oestrogen receptors with an array of cell-specific co-regulator proteins. The diverse mechanisms of oestrogen signalling are complex and incompletely understood. In puberty, oestrogen is derived from both gonadal and peripheral sources. Originally, oestrogen was only thought to drive feminization in females; now, oestrogen is known to be important for pubertal development of males as well. Oestrogen is required for normal maturation of the neuroendocrine-gonadal axis and bone in both sexes, and a variety of other tissues are also responsive to oestrogen. Abnormal puberty can be associated with either excessive or inadequate oestrogen production. Girls deficient in oestrogen should receive replacement in physiological doses. Aromatase inhibitors and anti-oestrogens may prove to be useful therapeutic tools in some types of abnormal puberty.