PubMed · 14426406
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R NEIMEIER, G A HAUSER, M KELLER, F LABHARDT, R WENNER, V STAMPFLI. 1959-04-18. [Pathological lactation].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14426406/
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BACKGROUND: Poor growth after preterm birth, particularly poor head growth, is associated with impaired neurodevelopmental outcome. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate weight gain and head growth between birth and term in a contemporary cohort of preterm infants, taking into account breast milk intake and illness severity. METHODS: Subjects were inborn infants or=37 weeks postmenstrual age. Weight and head circumference (HC) were expressed as standard deviation score (SDS), growth between birth and discharge as SDS gain (SDSG), and illness severity and breast milk exposure as the number of days of level 1 (full) intensive care (%L1IC) and the number of days on which breast milk was received (%BM) as a percentage of days from birth to discharge. RESULTS: Infants showed poor postnatal weight gain but accelerated head growth. There was a highly significant fall in mean (SD) weight SDS between birth and discharge (-0.31 (0.96) and -1.32 (1.02) respectively, p<0.001) and a highly significant increase in HC SDS (-0.52 (0.95) and -0.03 (1.25) respectively, p = 0.003). %L1IC had a highly significant negative impact on weight SDSG (p = 0.006), and %BM had a significant positive impact on HC SDSG (p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS: Accelerated postnatal head growth suggests catch up after antenatal restraint. This raises the possibility that poor neurocognitive outcomes after extremely preterm birth may in part be consequent on poor intrauterine brain growth. As postnatal head growth may be facilitated by breast milk, there is an urgent need to evaluate the optimal use of breast milk in preterm neonates. Illness severity is a significant determinant of poor postnatal weight gain.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of significant weight loss, dehydration, hypernatremia and hyperbilirubinemia in exclusively breast-fed term healthy neonates and compare the incidence of these problems in the warm and cool months. METHODS: During the study period 496 neonates were recruited. RESULTS: 157 neonates (31.6%) had significant weight loss (> 10 % cumulative weight loss or per day weight loss > 5%). Clinical dehydration was present in 2.2% of neonates. Of these 157 neonates, 31.8% had hypernatremia and 28 % had hyperbilirubinemia. CONCLUSION: The incidence of the above mentioned problems were higher in the warm months but the difference was not statistically significant.
OBJECTIVE: This article describes the steps in the planning and development of the 2002 Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study. METHODS: We describe the study's rationale, sampling methodology, survey questionnaire development, dietary methodology, field data collection, and data processing and analysis. A brief review of existing national nutrition surveys and studies of infants and toddlers, and available study designs and dietary methods, is also included. SUBJECTS/SETTING: Most national studies have been cross-sectional and assessed breastfeeding rates, dietary intake, and nutritional status among general and high-risk populations. Other specialized studies have been longitudinal and tracked dietary intake and nutritional status from infancy to the preschool years, or focused on studying a specific research topic, such as the relationship between fluoride intake and dental caries. CONCLUSIONS: The 2002 Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study has advanced the knowledge base on infant and toddler nutrition by using state-of-the-art methodology and by providing researchers with updated information to develop further research questions. Our findings can be used by child health and nutrition organizations to develop dietary recommendations and improved nutrition education materials. Clinicians and practitioners in the fields of public health and wellness can use the information to provide practical advice to parents in a variety of settings to help give children a more healthful start.