PubMed · 14430630
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L PARSONS. 1959. Pelvic exenteration.. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003081-195912000-00020
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Amphicrine carcinomas of the stomach, defined by dual exocrine and neuroendocrine differentiation within the same neoplastic cell, are exceedingly rare. MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) is an autosomal recessive polyposis syndrome characterized by multiple colorectal adenomas and variable upper gastrointestinal involvement; however, amphicrine carcinomas have not been previously documented in this setting. We report a gastric amphicrine carcinoma arising in the background of extensive fundic gland polyposis in a patient with MAP. Endoscopy revealed a 3.5-cm flat elevated lesion in the gastric fundus amid extensive fundic gland polyposis. Histologically, the tumor consisted of a single population of cells exhibiting combined glandular and neuroendocrine differentiation without zonal or biphasic architecture, and many of these cells demonstrated true amphicrine morphology. Immunohistochemistry confirmed co-expression of cytokeratin and the neuroendocrine markers chromogranin A and synaptophysin in the same cell population. Germline targeted next-generation sequencing identified biallelic MUTYH variants in trans (c.733C>T, p.Arg245Cys [likely pathogenic]; c.842C>T, p.Ala281Val [variant of uncertain significance]), supporting a diagnosis of MAP. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a gastric amphicrine carcinoma in a MAP patient, expanding the spectrum of MAP-associated upper gastrointestinal neoplasia and underscoring the importance of vigilant endoscopic surveillance in hereditary polyposis syndromes.
Significant progress has been made to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that determine thyroid tumor development and progression. However, most investigations have mainly focused on the genetic alterations of nuclear DNA. The potential role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in thyroid tumorigenesis is not well defined. In the present study, we investigated the frequency of mtDNA mutations in 24 thyroid tumor specimens (19 primary papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC), one follicular thyroid carcinoma, and four multinodular hyperplasias) and four thyroid cancer cell lines by sequencing the entire coding regions of mitochondrial genome. Among the 19 PTC samples tested, seven (36.8%) had somatic mutations. Somatic mtDNA mutations were also detected in one of four multinodular hyperplasias examined. All the thyroid tumor cell lines carried sequence variations that change amino acid and have not been reported previously as normal sequence variants. Flow cytometry analysis of mitochondria respiratory function in the thyroid tumor cell lines revealed a severe defect in mitochondrial complex I activity. The majority of the mutations was involved in genes located in the complex I of the mitochondrial genome. The mutations were either A --> G or C --> T transitions, often resulting in a change of a moderately or highly conserved amino acid of their corresponding protein. These data suggest that mtDNA mutations may play an important role in the thyroid tumorigenesis. Given that mtDNA mutation is present in the benign multinodular hyperplasia, it might be involved in the early stage of tumor development.
Electric field-driven fiber formation (electrospinning) is developing into a practical means for preparing novel porous filament with unusual structures and affordable mechanical properties. Polycaprolactone (PCL) was dissolved in solvent mixtures of methylene chloride/N,N-dimethyl formamide with ratios of 100/0, 75/25, and 50/50 (v/v) for electrospinning. The filament was formed by coagulation of the spinning solution following the well-known principle of phase separation in polymer solutions valid in other wet shaping processes. A strand of electrospun porous filament consisted of fibers ranging from 0.5 to 12 microm in diameter. To evaluate the feasibility of three-dimensional fabric as scaffold matrices, the plain weave, which is the simplest of the weaves and the most common, was prepared with porous PCL filament. The growth characteristics of MCF-7 mammary carcinoma cells in the woven fabrics showed the important role of matrix microstructure in proliferation. This study has shown that woven fabrics, consisting of porous filaments via electrospinning, may be suitable candidates as tissue engineering scaffolds.