PubMed · 14446852
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J L SIMKIN. 1959. Protein biosynthesis.. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.28.070159.001045
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Messenger RNAs often contain structures in their 5'-untranslated region that serve to regulate or promote expression of their gene product. Recent structural studies have revealed that riboswitches, which bind a variety of small molecule metabolites, including purine bases, S-adenosylmethionine, amino acids and cofactors, can contain sophisticated tertiary architecture that enables their function, akin to tRNA and rRNA. These structures guide the mRNA to adopt one of two mutually exclusive forms, dictating the outcome of transcription or translation. Another highly structured mRNA element, the viral internal ribosomal entry site, is able to manipulate the ribosome and replace the function of initiation factors to promote gene expression.
tmRNA (transfer messenger RNA) is a unique molecule used by all bacteria to rescue stalled ribosomes and to mark unfinished peptides with a specific degradation signal. tmRNA is recruited by arrested ribosomes in which it facilitates the translational switch from cellular mRNA to the mRNA part of tmRNA. Small protein B (SmpB) is a key partner for the trans-translation activity of tmRNA both in vivo and in vitro. It was shown that SmpB acts at the initiation step of the trans-translation process by facilitating tmRNA aminoacylation and binding to the ribosome. Little is known about the subsequent steps of trans-translation. Here we demonstrated the first example of an investigation of tmRNA.ribosome complexes at different stages of trans-translation. Our results show that the structural element at the position of tmRNA pseudoknot 3 remains intact during the translation of the mRNA module of tmRNA and that it is localized on the surface of the ribosome. At least one SmpB molecule remains bound to a ribosome.tmRNA complex isolated from the cell when translation is blocked at different positions within the mRNA part of tmRNA.
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