PubMed · 14462657
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B LATANE, S SCHACHTER. 1962. Adrenalin and avoidance learning.. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040218
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OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the quality criteria of a screening procedure used to identify fear-avoidance beliefs. METHODS: The translated version of the original FABQ was submitted to 302 patients with chronic back pain. Additionally, self-assessment protocols were used to document information on disease history, pain-specific parameters, extent of subjectively experienced impairment, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Correlation statistical analysis confirmed the relevance of fear-avoidance beliefs for the impairment as experienced by the patients with back pain. The FABQ proved to be a better predictor of subjectively experienced impairment than pain intensity or affective/emotional orientation. CONCLUSIONS: Fear-avoidance beliefs represent significant cognitive factors for chronification of back pain. The results demonstrated the practicability, reliability, and validity of the questionnaire to assess fear-avoidance beliefs.
UNLABELLED: This article describes the Subjective Screening of Stuttering (SSS): research edition that is designed to quantify the selected self-reports of people who stutter (PWS) prior to, during, and following their treatment. The three areas screened by the SSS are perceived stuttering severity, the level of internal or external locus of control, and reported word or situation avoidance. Each of the areas has two or three items rated for three audiences on a one to nine rating scale. Other available measures were reviewed and the need for a single instrument that provides quantified screening of each of the areas was recognized. Results of a research project using the SSS with 16 PWS indicated that percent of syllables stuttered correlated with stuttering severity (r=0.75) and with locus of control (r=0.43) but did not correlate with avoidance. These results were interpreted to indicate a need for other types of therapy following the experimental treatment studied. Reliability and validity of the SSS were judged adequate for research and clinical screening. The possible role of screening self-reports of PWS in combination with more extensive self-report instruments and with objective measures of stuttering is discussed. EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES: The reader will be able to (1) assess the perception of stuttering severity, avoidance and locus of control of people who stutter (PWS), and (2) determine from the PWS the self-reported outcome of treatment.
The relationship between a classic 1953 study by R. L. Solomon and L.C. Wynne on traumatic avoidance learning adn the pioneering efforts by Robert Bush and Frederick Mosteller and others to develop mathematical models of learning is analyzed. The main purpose is to explore how Bush and Mosteller disembedded a carefully selected set of Solomon and Wynne's data from its original context, which allowed something as seemingly humble as a set of numbers to become a widely available and valuable resource for the newly emerging field of mathematical learning theory (MLT). The creative use that the MLT community made of these data once Bush and Mosteller had systematically reduced the empirical and conceptual uncertainties within Solomon and Wynne's study is also discussed.