PubMed · 14626163
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Hiroshi Mitushio. 2003. [Alcoholic deterioration].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14626163/
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Association genome scanning can identify markers for the allelic variants that contribute to vulnerability to complex disorders, including alcohol dependence. To improve the power and feasibility of this approach, we report validation of "100k" microarray-based allelic frequency assessments in pooled DNA samples. We then use this approach with unrelated alcohol-dependent versus control individuals sampled from pedigrees collected by the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). Allele frequency differences between alcohol-dependent and control individuals are assessed in quadruplicate at 104,268 autosomal SNPs in pooled samples. One hundred eighty-eight SNPs provide (1) the largest allele frequency differences between dependent versus control individuals; (2) t values >or= 3 for these differences; and (3) clustering, so that 51 relatively small chromosomal regions contain at least three SNPs that satisfy criteria 1 and 2 above (Monte Carlo P = 0.00034). These positive SNP clusters nominate interesting genes whose products are implicated in cellular signaling, gene regulation, development, "cell adhesion," and Mendelian disorders. The results converge with linkage and association results for alcohol and other addictive phenotypes. The data support polygenic contributions to vulnerability to alcohol dependence. These SNPs provide new tools to aid the understanding, prevention, and treatment of alcohol abuse and dependence.
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Optimal cut-off points on the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) indicative of clinically significant dependence have been determined for a range of substance types. This study aims to determine a cut-off point on SDS that discriminates between the presence and absence of a DSM-IV diagnosis of alcohol dependence. A structured interview was administered to 90 alcohol users in Sydney, Australia. Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis confirmed the utility of the SDS-alcohol for characterising and diagnosing persons with respect to their alcohol-dependent status to an accuracy of 85%. A SDS score of 3 or above was determined as optimal for characterising alcohol dependence. Evidence is also provided confirming that the SDS-alcohol is a valid, reliable uni-dimensional scale for measuring alcohol dependence. It has been demonstrated that the SDS-alcohol can be used to characterise an individual's alcohol-dependent status. A cut-off value for SDS-alcohol provides additional meaning and value to the scale for clients and clinicians and will enable researchers to characterise the prevalence of alcohol dependence in their target populations.