PubMed · 14725294
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PDA. Points to consider for aseptic processing.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14725294/
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PURPOSE: Botulinum toxin has various applications in ophthalmology and is used in the outpatient department, where it is often exposed to room temperatures for 3-4 h. The manufacturer's recommendations are that the reconstituted toxin be stored in a refrigerator when not in use and discarded 4 h after reconstitution. The aim of our study was to examine such used bottles of Botulinum toxin for microbial growth after 4 h at room temperature. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eleven consecutive bottles of Botulinum toxin used with aseptic precautions in the Ophthalmology outpatient clinics were exposed to room temperatures for 4 h. These were subsequently analysed for microbial growth. No growth was directly obtained from any of the Botulinum toxin bottles during our study. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study suggests that if aseptic precautions are followed during the use of Botulinum toxin, the contents of the bottle remain sterile despite being exposed to room temperatures for up to 4 h. This has implications on the use of the reconstituted toxin after the recommended 4 h.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the viability of vitrified human germinal vesicle (GV)-oocytes to mature to metaphase II (MII) stage after "rapid" cooling directly in liquid nitrogen in comparison with "slow" cooling in a closed 0.5-mL straw (aseptic system), with or without dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in vitrification solution. The possibility of avoiding parthenogenesis of the oocytes after vitrification using DMSO was investigated. DESIGN: In vitro maturation after vitrification. SETTING: Assisted reproduction centers. PATIENT(S): Patients undergoing standard superovulation treatment and having GV-oocytes after follicular puncture. INTERVENTION(S): The GV-oocytes were vitrified with long/short exposure to DMSO using slow or rapid cooling, then warmed and matured in vitro. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Maturation after warming. RESULT(S): Oocyte development up to MII stage after vitrification with DMSO was 71% in the group with "rapid" cooling, and in groups with "slow" cooling, 68% and 72% for long and short exposure to DMSO, respectively. The maturation rate of GV-oocytes after slow cooling without DMSO was 51%. In the vitrification with long-term contact of oocytes with DMSO group, a high rate of parthenogenesis was observed. When vitrification with short-term contact of oocytes with DMSO at room temperature was used, no parthenogenesis was observed. CONCLUSION(S): Cryopreservation of human GV-oocytes in open-pulled straws OPS) using an aseptic slow cooling method gives high maturation rates but only in combination with DMSO. To avoid spontaneous parthenogenesis, the exposure to DMSO must occur for a reduced time and at room temperature.