PubMed · 14756455
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Richard W Weber. 2004. Russian olive.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1081-1206(10)61700-0
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Previous studies have demonstrated a stronger seroreactivity against some synthetic peptides responsible for inducing neutralizing antibodies in injecting drug users (IDU) compared to that of individuals sexually infected with HIV-1 (S), but the effectiveness in terms of the neutralizing ability of these antibodies has not been evaluated. Our objective was to study the humoral immune response of IDU by determining the specificity of their antibodies and the presence of neutralizing antibodies. The neutralization capacity against the HIV-1 isolate MN (genotype B), the primary HIV-1 isolate 95BRRJ021 (genotype F), and the seroreactivity with peptides known to induce neutralizing antibodies, from the V2 and V3 loops of different HIV-1 subtypes, were analyzed. Seroreactivity indicates that IDU plasma are more likely to recognize a broader range of peptides than S plasma, with significantly higher titers, especially of V3 peptides. Similar neutralization frequencies of the MN isolate were observed in plasma of the IDU (16/47) and S (20/60) groups in the 1:10 dilution. The neutralization of the 95BRRJ021 isolate was more frequently observed for plasma from the S group (15/23) than from the IDU group (15/47, P = 0.0108). No correlation between neutralization and seroreactivity with the peptides tested was observed. These results suggest that an important factor responsible for the extensive and broad humoral immune response observed in IDU is their infection route. There was very little difference in neutralizing antibody response between the IDU and S groups despite their differences in seroreactivity and health status.
BACKGROUND: Haptocorrin carries the major part of the circulating vitamin B12. The protein is heavily glycosylated and this may have implications for its measurement. METHODS: We used two different ELISA assays. In one assay, we employed antibodies against native HC and no pre-treatment of samples or calibrators. In the other assay, we used antibodies raised against deglycosylated HC, and deglycosylated the samples and calibrators by treatment with neuraminidase and PNGase prior to analysis. Plasma samples from healthy donors were analysed. RESULTS: The ELISA against native HC showed a high detection limit (71 pmol/l) and a poor linearity for serial dilutions of samples. The ELISA against deglycosylated HC showed a detection limit of 1.6 pmol/l, an excellent linearity between 1.6 and 100 pmol/l (r(2) = 0.99) and an inaccuracy of 5% for concentrations ranging from 250 to 840 pmol/l. The 95% reference interval was 240-680 pmol/l (n = 148). The concentration of HC showed a strong association to plasma cobalamins (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: An ELISA against native HC does not ensure an equimolar measurement of HC, while this is the case when a glycosylation independent assay is employed. Using this assay, a very strong correlation between total plasma HC and cobalamins in healthy donors is obtained.
BACKGROUND: The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union have issued a new directive on information on the label about the ingredients present in foodstuffs. Twelve foods causing hypersensitivity are now subject to particularly strict labelling rules. Among these foods is mustard, which until now has been little recognised as a food allergen in Norway. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Literature searches in Medline were performed and supplemented by manual searches of reference lists. RESULTS: Since the first published case of mustard allergy in 1980, a number of case reports and patient series have been published. Most reports come from certain regions of France, and a majority of the studies have been performed by a limited number of investigators. Symptoms triggered by mustard cover the whole range from full-blown systemic anaphylactic reactions to pollen-food allergy syndrome-like local reactions. Frequently, reactions appear to be serious. Mustard allergy has on many instances been found in small children. Cross-reactivity apart from that among different types of mustard does not appear to be a clinical problem. Mustard allergens are resistant to heat and food processing. INTERPRETATION: With more attention being given to mustard as a food allergen because of the new labelling rules, it will most likely soon become apparent whether mustard is a food allergen of importance in Norway. The Norwegian national reporting system and register of severe allergic reactions to food will be an important tool in this context.