PubMed · 14789615
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M CARSTENS. 1950-08-11. [Comments on preceding article].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14789615/
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Inflammation and oxidative stress are important factors in the pathogenesis of diabetes and contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that is characterized by increased oxidative stress, and the risk for periodontitis is increased significantly in diabetic subjects. In this study, we examined the superoxide (O(2)(-))-generating reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase complex and protein kinase C (PKC) activity in neutrophils. Fifty diabetic patients were grouped according to glycemic control and the severity of periodontitis. Neutrophils from diabetic patients with moderate [amount of glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) between 7.0% and 8.0%] or poor (HbA(1c) >8.0%) glycemic control released significantly more O(2)(-) than neutrophils from diabetic patients with good glycemic control (HbA(1c) <7.0%) and neutrophils from nondiabetic, healthy individuals upon stimulation with 4beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe. Depending on glycemic status, neutrophils from these patients also exhibited increased activity of the soluble- and membrane-bound forms of PKC, elevated amounts of diglyceride, and enhanced phosphorylation of p47-phox during cell stimulation. In addition, we report a significant correlation between glycemic control (HbA(1c) levels) and the severity of periodontitis in diabetic patients, suggesting that enhanced oxidative stress and increased inflammation exacerbate both diseases. Thus, hyperglycemia can lead to a novel form of neutrophil priming, where elevated PKC activity results in increased phosphorylation of p47-phox and O(2)(-) release.
BACKGROUND: Recent evidence has shown that hyperglycemia is able to cause increased production of superoxide on the mitochondrial transport chain, and that this is the key event which activates some events such as increased AGE formation, increased hexosamine and polyol flux, and activation of PKC, all believed to be important for the development of the chronic complications of diabetes, aging and uremia. In this context, non-enzymatic protein glyco-oxidation leads to the formation of a series of products whose intra- and extra-cellular accumulation is of key importance in the pathogenesis of these chronic diseases. METHODS: Various spectrometric approaches, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI), and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation (ESI) were used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The latest mass spectrometric approaches have shown their power in proteomics, and we report here some applications of this technique in the study of in vitro and in vivo non-enzymatic protein glyco-oxidation.